• journal_title：The Canadian Mineralogist
• Contributor：Viktor A. Glebovitsky ; Vladimir S. Semenov ; Boris V. Belyatsky ; Eugene V. Koptev-Dvornikov ; Nina F. Pchelintseva ; Boris S. Kireev ; Alexander B. Koltsov
• Publisher：Mineralogical Association of Canada
• Date：2001-
• Format：text/html
• Language：en
• Identifier：10.2113/gscanmin.39.2.607
• journal_abbrev：Can Mineral
• issn：0008-4476
• volume：39
• issue：2
• firstpage：607
• section：PART 2: ORE-FORMING PROCESSES IN DYNAMIC MAGAMATIC SYSTEMS

The Lukkulaisvaara intrusion (U–Pb age: 2442 ± 1.9 Ma), in northern Karelia, Russia, belongs to the Oulanka plutonic group. The intrusion cuts rocks of the Archean granite – migmatite – gneiss basement and is disconformably overlain by Proterozoic metavolcanic rocks. The layered body does not exceed 4600 m in thickness; data obtained on the structural profile of the intrusion suggest a complete section. Its weighted-mean composition is equivalent to a magma of the marianite–boninite series, but whether or not this composition corresponds to the parental magma is uncertain owing to possible multiphase features of the intrusion. It is quite possible that large and small lenticular bodies of fine-grained gabbronorite whose texture suggests rapid crystallization are associated with injections of fresh magma. Crystallization to fine-grained gabbronorite in the process of magma chilling is related, in turn, to decompression. Chilling would be equally feasible in the case of the injection of residual melts, squeezed from lower horizons and already carrying cumulus minerals in the process of compaction. Structures in which fine-grained rocks occur do not differ from “potholes” in morphology and structural setting. Two genetic types of sulfides are distinguished: (a) sulfides of magmatic stage are present in fresh rocks, commonly with magmatic quartz and biotite; (b) a metasomatic sulfide assemblage contains the richest sulfide and platinum mineralization and is related to potholes. Amounts of sulfide in the metasomatic rocks are very variable (1–30 vol.%). Forty platinum-group minerals have been documented in sulfide-bearing metasomatic rocks; the concentration of noble metals (Pt + Pd) covers a wide range (0.3–10 ppm Pt, 0.42–66 ppm Pd). Sulfides in the cumulates and iron-bearing magmatic minerals altered by metasomatism are considered to be the source of the ore-bearing metasomatic assemblages. These assemblages were formed under the action of a reducing hydrothermal fluid. A high content of chlorine was observed in biotite (up to 0.55 wt%), amphibole (up to 2.5 wt%), chlorite (up to 0.1 wt%), and scapolite (up to 2.3 wt%). Examination of the metasomatic quartz reveals the presence of different types of micro-inclusions. Some are filled with liquid only, others are gas–liquid, aqueous – salt inclusions with a gas bubble, and hydrocarbon inclusions with various amounts of liquid. The highest T_h recorded is 370°C at a pressure of 1.5 kbar, as estimated using aqueous – salt inclusions. These data agree well with thermobarometric results calculated using estimated equilibration states. Nd and Sr isotopic data suggest that the metasomatic assemblages formed simultaneously with the layered intrusion (2442 Ma) during an autometasomatic process due to reworking of intrusive rocks by a mantle-derived fluid with an ε_Nd of +2.1 and an initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr value of 0.7028.