Subject(ed) bodies: A bioarchaeological investigation of Late Bronze Age - iron i (1500-800 B.C.) Armenia.
详细信息
- 作者：Marshall ; Maureen Elizabeth.
- 学历：Ph.D.
- 年：2014
- 毕业院校：The University of Chicago
- Department：Anthropology
- ISBN：9781321036114
- CBH：3628090
- Country：USA
- 语种：English
- FileSize：10855911
- Pages：460
文摘
In traditional macro-scale models of the emergence of early complex polities,centralized political authority is understood to have developed slowly from an agrarian subsistence base predicated upon a stable settled population who provided the necessary intensive labor,but who typically remained a faceless homogenous mass. By shifting the focus to the micro-scale - the individual - this dissertation gives a face to the people of the past and examines the lived experiences of political subjects in an early complex polity in the South Caucasus. At the beginning of the Late Bronze Age 1500-1150 B.C.),centralized political authority appears to have emerged rapidly with the construction of fortresses that housed administrative and ritual institutions,and vast cemeteries that speak to a commitment to particular places as well as to the presence of a large subject population. Yet,archaeological investigation in the South Caucasus has produced little evidence of large settlements with residential structures,throwing into question Late Bronze Age peoples status as mobile or settled as well as obscuring evidence of their daily lives. Drawing on bioarchaeological and mortuary data,the study pursues the question of what life was like for subjects in the Late Bronze Age. The dissertation presents the results of bioarchaeological analysis of human remains 106 individuals) recovered from excavations from Tsaghkahovit Burial Cluster 12 and four comparative sites in neighboring regions in modern day Armenia. Integrating information from demographic,paleopathological,archaeological,and biogeochemical [radiogenic strontium 87Sr/ 86Sr),carbon and oxygen delta13C and delta 18O) carbonates,and carbon and nitrogen delta13C and delta15N) collagen] analyses,osteobiographies were created for three individuals. Each osteobiography draws on multiple scales of analysis individual,site,and regional) to examine residential movement during life,diet,activity,trauma,disease,ageing,post-mortem movement,and mortuary treatment. The osteobiographies reveal that these individuals broadly shared a diet with some individual variation),participated in different activities,and appear to have been moving across the landscape in different ways,perhaps according to different practices of movement. With all of these ways of moving,it is dissatisfactory to cast the whole of the Late Bronze Age population as mobile or sedentary. Yet,despite their different experiences in life,after death all three individuals were interred within the same cemetery and,more particularly,within specific areas of the cemetery. Their interment made physically visible claims to a particular social association and emplaced them within a dynamic socio-political sphere. Rather than a faceless mass of static settled agriculturalists,political subjectivity in the Late Bronze Age Tsaghkahovit Plain was constituted by a range of individual practices and experiences and by social relations that were actively made and re)made through rituals such as interring the dead.