Justice redressed: Women,citizenship,and the social uses of the law in modern France,1890--1939.

详细信息   

• 作者：Kimble ; Sara Lynn.
• 学历：Doctor
• 年：2002
• 导师：Hanley,Sarah,eadvisor
• 毕业院校：The University of Iowa
• ISBN：9780493738192
• CBH：3058418
• Country：USA
• 语种：English
• FileSize：13970390
• Pages：315

文摘

Following the French republican education reforms of the 1880s,women graduated in increasing numbers from French universities,and were then able to work in all professions except the law. One Sorbonne law graduate,Jeanne Chauvin,sued to secure the right to work in the legal profession for which she had trained. Her cause celebre engendered tremendous controversy as political and intellectual leaders speculated that admitting women to the bar was the top of a slippery slope towards their full political equality,decades before women were granted the vote in 1944--45. Timeworn notions that female participation in the justice system would undermine the institutions of the family and law that governed social order fueled widespread antagonism towards women's access to l'ordre des avocats (bar association). La femme-avocat (female lawyer),as represented in literature and popular culture,was a paradigmatic modern woman: ambitious,independent,intellectually nonconformist,who took on an identity distinct from domesticity and motherhood. She was part of a corps of professionals involved in the government and threatened to initiate profound socio-legal change. Although Chauvin lost her court case in 1897,the French Parliament passed a bill in 1900 admitting women into the legal profession as avocates (attorneys),but prohibiting them from rising above this entry-level position to serve as judges. This decision created a two-track judicial system of sexual inequality that persisted until the revision rights in the Constitution of the Fourth Republic (1946). Women's long-awaited entrance into the legal profession was hailed correctly by observers as a triumph of feminism. By analyzing the careers of a hundred early-twentieth century female lawyers in France from extensive archival,court,and published sources,Justice Redressed identifies a coherent pattern in the actions of these legal pioneers. That is,through political and legal arguments,lawyers including Maria Verone,Suzanne Grinberg,Marcelle Kraemer-Bach,and. Yvonne Netter,contributed to path-breaking jurisprudence---especially in the areas of the civil rights,family law,and juvenile courts---and new feminist language that facilitated legislative,juridical,and social reform. Their political activism facilitated the destabilization women's legal inequality formerly institutionalized in the Napoleonic Civil Code of 1804.