文摘
The Chung Yu tradition was the first regular script tradition in the history of Chinese calligraphy. It was characterized as an archaic,simple,plain,and unadorned style which embodied the transition from the clerical to regular script in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. In the development of this tradition there had been a rise and fall after the 3rd century. The most significant rise occurred in the late Northern Sung period. It was during this period that the Chung Yu tradition acquired a firmly rooted position and was recognized as the best regular style tradition in Chinese calligraphy. This dissertation is a study of the revival of the Chung Yu tradition in the Northern Sung period and of its influence on the formation of the Sung calligraphic style. Chapter I describes the background of the revival of the Chung Yu tradition in Sung calligraphy. It deals with the changing aesthetics and new calligraphic trends appearing in the late Northern Sung period. Careful study of the influence of Chan philosophy on aesthetics,of the aesthetic reevaluation in calligraphy,of the introspective spirit in calligraphic history,and of the new perception of the Chung Yu style illustrate the characteristics of the environment in which this crucial revival took place. Chapter II portrays the development of this tradition in the Northern Sung period: the focus is on the calligraphies attributed to Chung Yu recorded in that period and the studies and practices of the Chung Yu style conducted by contemporary calligraphers. Chapter III explores the contributions of the Sung calligraphers to this tradition. The calligraphy of the inscription of Hsiao Ching tu and the Memorial for Recommending Chi Chih are the major examples examined. The conclusion summarizes the importance of the development of this tradition in the Northern Sung period and its impact upon later Chinese calligraphy.