文摘
Interfirm alliances can have a significant impact on firm performance, especially for entrepreneurial firms with limited resources. After a long tradition of examining alliances at the dyadic level, scholars have recently turned their attention to alliance portfolios. The purpose of this study is to uncover the processes through which executives of firms can form a strong alliance portfolio with deep ties to a large number and variety of prominent partners. With a multiple-case inductive design, I traced the interorganizational activities of six entrepreneurial firms in the nascent market of wireless gaming over a span of 12 months. The emerging framework explains the process through which executives of these firms form a strong alliance portfolio through an early approach to partners, simultaneous approach to complementary partners, maintenance of multiple partners of same type through a sequential-attention approach, and avoidance of ties with competitors. At the organization level, this suggests a model of entrepreneurial opportunity and risk management in nascent markets. At the network level, an important contribution is the identification of two coevolutionary processes through which networks change endogenously. Finally, the findings also suggest a new network model in which firms form ties based not only on "prism" and "pipe" reasons, but also based on the firms' ability to create commercial value for multiple players in the market network.