Multinational research and development labs in China: Local and global innovation.
详细信息
文摘
Multinational corporations MNCs) began to locate research and development R&D) in developing countries like China and India in the 1990s. This thesis,which focuses on the location of MNC R&D labs in Beijing,documents an emerging spatial division of labor in R&D based on the increasing specialization of R&D activities. A 2004 survey of MNC R&D labs in information technology industries in Beijing found that these MNC R&D labs are not just providing technical support,product localization,or product development for the local market； rather,they are increasingly innovating for the global market. Considering MNCs concerns about weak intellectual property right IPR) protection in China,this study suggests that a hierarchical modular R&D structure can be an effective way for MNC R&D labs to protect their IP in weak IPR regime countries. This hierarchy includes core R&D and peripheral R&D,based on two dimensions---technology value-added,desire and ease of IP protection. While core R&D is mostly done in developed countries,peripheral R&D is conducted in developing countries. My study suggests that this hierarchical modular R&D structure facilitates the global configuration of MNC R&D labs. At the regional level,this thesis provides in-depth analysis of the interaction between MNC R&D labs and local innovation actors in Beijing. It appears from my interviews and surveys that direct forms of technology transfer and spillover are limited； however,institutional learning by local firms and universities contributes to local innovation capability in the long term. Furthermore,technologies on core components and system architecture are crucial for any regions technology advancement； however,my analysis shows most local Chinese firms do not possess such knowledge. Based on my research,it is also clear that MNCs establish R&D labs in China specifically for local resources,especially low cost R&D labor,not for the thickness of local institutions. In-depth case studies are presented,and strategic suggestions for MNC management and host countries are recommended.