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Protective efficacy of several vaccines against highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus under experimental conditions
![]() | Avian influenza: the next pandemic? Clinical Microbiology Newsletter |
![]() Clinical Microbiology Newsletter, Volume 28, Issue 13, 1 July 2006, Pages 97-101 Robert C. Moellering Jr. Abstract In 1997, a novel strain of influenza A (H5N1) was discovered in poultry in South Asia and China. Since that time, this avian influenza virus has undergone a number of mutational changes and has spread widely in poultry and birds. Its adaptation to migratory birds in 2005 provided the opportunity for even more widespread dissemination, which now includes 50 countries in Asia, Europe, and Africa. Although the virus has yet to obtain the necessary genes for efficient human-human transmission, it has already caused more than 100 human fatalities throughout the world. As the virus continues to propagate widely in birds and poultry, the likelihood of its acquiring the genetic mechanisms for human-human transmission increases. If this does occur, the ensuing worldwide pandemic could be catastrophic. ![]() |
![]() | 1a50b54" onMouseOver="InfoBubble.show('infobubble_3','mlktLink_3')" onMouseOut="InfoBubble.timeout()">Generation of an attenuated H5N1 avian influenza virus ... Vaccine |
![]() Vaccine, Volume 25, Issue 42, 16 October 2007, Pages 7379-7384 Huoying Shi, Xiu Fan Liu, Xiaorong Zhang, Sujuan Chen, Lei Sun, Jianhong Lu Abstract In the face of disease outbreaks in poultry and the potential pandemic threat to humans caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of H5N1 subtype, improvement in biosecurity and the use of inactivated vaccines are two main options for the control of this disease. Vaccine candidates of influenza A viruses of H5N1 subtype have been generated in several laboratories by plasmid-based reverse genetics with hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from the epidemic strains of avian viruses in a background of internal genes from the vaccine donor strain of human strains, A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8). These reassortant viruses containing genes from both avian and human viruses might impose biosafety concerns, also may be do if C4/F AIV would be a live attenuated vaccine or cold-adaptive strain vaccine. In order to generate better and safer vaccine candidate viruses, we genetically constructed attenuated reassortant H5N1 influenza A virus, designated as C4/F AIV, by plasmid-based reverse genetics with all eight genes from the avian strains. The C4/F AIV virus contained HA and NA genes from an epidemic strain A/Chicken/Huadong/04 (H5N1) (C4/H5N1) in a background of internal genes derived from a low pathogenic strain of A/Chicken/F/98(H9N2). The reassortant virus was attenuated by removal of the multibasic amino acid motif in the HA gene by mutation and deletion (from PQRERRRKKR↓G to PQIETR↓G). The intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) of C4/F AIV virus was 0, whereas that of the donor virus C4/H5N1 was 3.0. The virus HA titer of C4/H5N1 in the allantoic fluid from infected embryonated eggs was as high as 1:2048. The inactivated vaccine prepared from the reassortant virus C4/F AIV-induced high HI titer in vaccinated chickens and gave 100%protection when challenged with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of H5N1 subtype. 01ad3fcd23721d16631ea273c1&ie=/sdarticle.pdf"> ![]() |
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Protective efficacy of several vaccines against highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus under experimental conditions