Vegetation and settlement history of the past 9000 years as recorded by lake deposits from Gro脽er Eutiner See (Northern Germany)
- 作者：Magdalena Wieckowska ; mwickowska@ufg.uni-kiel.de ; Walter Dö ; rfler ; Wiebke Kirleis
- 关键词：vegetation history ; settlement history ; human impact ; land-use change ; lake development ; Northern Germany
- 刊名：Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
- 出版年：2012
- 期刊代码：80_00346667
- 类别：ear
- 出版时间：15 April, 2012
- 卷：174
- 期：Complete
- 页码：79-90
- 文件大小：2137 K
摘要
Pollen analyses of a 24 m long sediment core from Gro脽er Eutiner See, a lake located in the lakeland area of the young moraine landscape of Ostholstein, Northern Germany, reveals over 9000 years of vegetation and settlement history. The record is time controlled by 12 AMS 14C dates of terrestrial plant remains. First human impact is evident already in the late Mesolithic between 5120 and 4900 BC (7070-6850 cal. yr BP). Simultaneously with the elm decline at about 3940 BC (5890 cal. yr BP), first agricultural activity is registered in the early Neolithic. The strongest Neolithic opening of the landscape occurred during the Single Grave culture at around 2450 BC (4400 cal yr BP). The early Bronze Age (3770-3060 cal. yr BP) is characterized by low settlement activity. During the late Bronze Age large scale expansion of arable farming and pasture land is documented from c. 990 to 490 BC (2940-2440 cal. yr BP). Between 350 BC and AD 170 (2300-1780 cal. yr BP), massive increase of heather indicates advanced deterioration of soils by continuous exploitation during the pre-Roman and to a somewhat lesser extent during the late Roman Iron Age. About AD 530 to 670 (1420-1280 cal. yr BP) a distinctive settlement gap occurred, followed by three phases of intensive Slavic settlement until AD 1140 (810 cal. yr BP). In the further course of the Middle Ages areas under cultivation increased strongly at the expanse of woodland. At this time new crops were introduced like hemp, buckwheat and walnut. The area of Gro脽er Eutiner See largely remains untouched by the late medieval crisis in the 14th century. Forest degeneration continued during the Modern Period. During the 18th and 19th centuries agricultural impact reached its maximum. A gradual recovery of the forest is observed only in the recent decades.