Pancreatic function tests have been used over decades for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and the evaluation of exocrine pancreatic function in patients with known pancreatic disease. At present, only the endoscopy-based pancreatic function test and the magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography after intravenous injection of secretin play a relevant role in the diagnosis of early chronic pancreatitis. Methods as the coefficient of fat absorption and the 13C-triglyceride breath test are mainly indicated for the diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and the evaluation of the efficacy of the pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. Fecal elastase-1 quantification is still useful as an initial test in patients with clinical suspicion of chronic pancreatitis, whereas the use of fecal chymotrypsin is limited to the objective evaluation of patient's compliance to pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy.