Levels of outdoor PM_2.5, absorbance and sulphur as surrogates for personal exposures among post-myocardial infarction patients in Barcelona, Spain

详细信息	查看全文 | 推荐本文 |

• 作者：Bé ; né ; dicte Jacquemin ; Timo Lanki ; Jordi Sunyer ; Laia Cabrera ; Xavier Querol ; Tom Bell ; er ; Natalia Moreno ; Annette Peters ; Jorge Pey ; Juha Pekkanen
• 关键词：Exposure ; Fine particles ; Air pollution ; Elemental carbon ; Sulphur ; Cardiovascular disease
• 刊名：Atmospheric Environment
• 出版年：2007
• 期刊代码：11_13522310
• 类别：env
• 出版时间：March 2007
• 卷：41
• 期：7
• 页码：1539-1549
• 文件大小：579 K

摘要

Outdoor levels of fine particles (PM_2.5; particles <2.5 μm) have been associated with cardiovascular health. Persons with existing cardiovascular disease have been suggested to be especially vulnerable. It is unclear, how well outdoor concentrations of PM_2.5 and its constituents measured at a central site reflect personal exposures in Southern European countries. The objective of the study was to assess the relationship between outdoor and personal concentrations of PM_2.5, absorbance and sulphur among post-myocardial infarction patients in Barcelona, Spain.

Thirty-eight subjects carried personal PM_2.5 monitors for 24-h once a month (2–6 repeated measurements) between November 2003 and June 2004. PM_2.5 was measured also at a central outdoor monitoring site. Light absorbance (a proxy for elemental carbon) and sulphur content of filter samples were determined as markers of combustion originating and long-range transported PM_2.5, respectively.

There were 110, 162 and 88 measurements of PM_2.5, absorbance and sulphur, respectively. Levels of outdoor PM_2.5 (median 17 μg m³) were lower than personal PM_2.5 even after excluding days with exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) (median after exclusion 27 μg m³). However, outdoor concentrations of absorbance and sulphur were similar to personal concentrations after exclusion of ETS. When repeated measurements were taken into account, there was a statistically significant association between personal and outdoor absorbance when adjusting for ETS (slope 0.66, p<0.001), but for PM_2.5 the association was weaker (slope 0.51, p=0.066). Adjustment for ETS had little effect on the respective association of S (slope 0.69, p<0.001).

Our results suggest that outdoor measurements of absorbance and sulphur can be used to estimate both the daily variation and levels of personal exposures also in Southern European countries, especially when exposure to ETS has been taken into account. For PM_2.5, indoor sources need to be carefully considered.