Indirect human exposure assessment of airborne lead deposited on soil via a simplified fate and speciation modelling approach

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• 作者：Massimo Pizzol^a ; ^b ; ^mapi@dmu.dk ; Cé ; cile Bulle^c ; Marianne Thomsen^a
• 关键词：DOC ; Dissolved Organic Carbon ; iF ; Intake Fraction ; LCA ; Life Cycle Assessment ; MWCP ; Municipal Waste Combustion Plant ; RA ; Risk Assessment ; SFSM ; Simplified Fate &Speciation Model ; SOM ; Soil Organic Matter
• 刊名：Science of the Total Environment
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：63_00489697
• 类别：env
• 出版时间：1 April, 2012
• 卷：421-422
• 期：Complete
• 页码：203-209
• 文件大小：336 K

摘要

In order to estimate the total exposure to the lead emissions from a municipal waste combustion plant in Denmark, the indirect pathway via ingestion of lead deposited on soil has to be quantified. Multi-media fate models developed for both Risk Assessment (RA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) can be used for this purpose, but present high uncertainties in the assessment of metal's fate. More sophisticated and metal-specific geochemical models exist, that could lower the uncertainties by e.g. accounting for metal speciation, but they require a large amount of data and are unpractical to combine broadly with other fate and dispersion models. In this study, a Simplified Fate & Speciation Model (SFSM) is presented, that is based on the parsimony principle: 鈥渁s simple as possible, as complex as needed鈥? and that can be used for indirect human exposure assessment in different context like RA and regionalized LCA. SFSM couples traditional multi-media mass balances with empirical speciation models in a tool that has a simple theoretical framework and that is not data-intensive. The model calculates total concentration, dissolved concentration, and free ion activity of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in different soil layers, after accounting for metal deposition and dispersion. The model is tested for these five metals by using data from peer reviewed literature. Results show good accordance between measured and calculated values (factor of 3). The model is used to predict the human exposure via soil to lead initially emitted into air by the waste combustion plant and both the lead cumulative exposure and intake fraction are calculated.