Mere exposure and flavour-flavour learning increase 2-3 year-old children鈥檚 acceptance of a novel vegetable
- 作者：Helene Hausner ; hlh@life.ku.dk ; Annemarie Olsen ; Per Mø ; ller
- 关键词：Vegetables ; Acceptance learning ; Exposure ; Associative conditioning ; Children
- 刊名：Appetite (APPET)
- 出版年：2012
- 期刊代码：109_01956663
- 类别：abs
- 出版时间：June, 2012
- 卷：58
- 期：3
- 页码：1152-1159
- 文件大小：575 K
摘要
Vegetable consumption is low among many children. This study compared the efficacy of the exposure learning strategies mere exposure, flavour-flavour and flavour-nutrient learning in changing children鈥檚 intake of a novel vegetable. An unmodified artichoke pur茅e was served at pre-testing. Hereafter children were exposed 10 times to unmodified pur茅e (mere exposure, n = 32), a sweetened pur茅e (flavour-flavour learning, n = 33) or an energy dense pur茅e with added fat (flavour-nutrient learning, n = 39). Unmodified and sweet pur茅e contained approximately 200 kJ/100 g; the energy dense pur茅e 580 kJ/100 g. The unmodified pur茅e was served again at post-testing, 3 and 6 months after last exposure to monitor long-term effects of learning. Intake of pur茅e increased in the mere exposure and flavour-flavour condition, and was unchanged in the flavour-nutrient condition. Mere exposure changed children鈥檚 intake by the 5th exposure, flavour-flavour learning by the 10th. Mere exposure led to the largest increase in intake of unmodified pur茅e at post-test and over 6 months. Children following flavour-flavour learning consumed more of the sweet pur茅e than of unmodified pur茅e. About 30-40%of the children were resistant to acceptance changes. The results of this study imply that mere exposure and flavour-flavour learning are powerful strategies for changing children鈥檚 acceptance of a novel vegetable, even though a substantial number of children are resistant to these types of exposure learning.