Pour une théorie du sujet : commentaires sur les « Variantes de la cure type » de Jacques Lacan
- 作者：P. Rappard
- 关键词：Didactic psychoanalysis ; Ego ; Knowledge ; Subject ; Transference
- 刊名：Annales medico-psychologiques
- 出版年：2006
- 期刊代码：78_00034487
- 类别：psy
- 出版时间：October 2006
- 卷：164
- 期：8
- 页码：668-673
- 文件大小：107 K
摘要
This text, written by Lacan, was for the benefit of physicians whereas the speech given in Rome (which dealt with the same subject) was aimed at trainee analysts. The theories of the Ego were called into question to the benefit of a theory of the Subject. Resistance was to be looked for in the discourse and not in the Ego. For Freud, the Ego, an Ego that is based on the aggressive narcissic relationship, is built like a symptom and not like an objectivized Subject. Nevertheless, the Ego is not to be rejected, as is done by some phenomenologist-psychoanalysts who also reject the subconscious. The role of didactic analysis is to allow the analyst “to recognize symptoms of his ignorance in his own knowledge”. Ignorance not being here a “non-knowledge”. Listening is not directed by knowledge but by practice freed from speech. Hence the expression of “cure phenomena” in the shape of equations and axioms; Lacan was building up the theory of transference, not the theory of the subconscious. He transcribed what he listened to and not what he knew. Lacan's genius was to have introduced the logic of the signifier in the therapy phenomena at a time when symbolic logic was almost becoming independent from the objects existing in the world, and at the time when syntax and semantics appeared to be independent from the subject, because, at this time, psychoanalysis, which by definition develops from the ordinary language of the patient in a transference situation, was coming close to analytical logic which itself was now concentrating on ordinary language and not on scholarly language. Lacan came close to the Anglo-Saxon analytical philosophy of Bertrand Russell, Frege, Whitehead or Wittgenstein. This is a psychoanalysis which does not go beyond language and logic but where the sense of reality remains vital during the session. Therefore Lacan's approach to the transmission of psychoanalysis confronts us with the attitude of semioticians who encourage us to leave aside what tempts us most in the practice we are talking about: the “factual experience”. It is of course impossible to set aside painful factual experience in psychiatry and psychotherapy, but we should combine empathy and semiotics in order to tackle the issue efficiently. We have to give life to the mind by the letter and not to the letter by the mind.