Degradation of the blister agent sulfur mustard, bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, on concrete

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• 作者：Carol A.S. Brevett ; Kenneth B. Sumpter ; George W. Wagner ; Jeffrey S. Rice
• 关键词：Sulfur mustard ; Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide ; Concrete ; Blister agent ; CWA ; NMR ; SSMAS ; Sulfonium ions ; H-2TG
• 刊名：Journal of Hazardous Materials
• 出版年：2007
• 期刊代码：50_03043894
• 类别：ce
• 出版时间：9 February 2007
• 卷：140
• 期：1-2
• 页码：353-360
• 文件大小：435 K

摘要

The products formed from the degradation of the blister agent sulfur mustard [bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide] on concrete were identified using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC/MSD), ¹H NMR, 2D ¹H–¹³C NMR and ¹³C solid state magic angle spinning (SSMAS) NMR. In situ and extraction experiments were performed. Sulfur mustard was detected in the in situ ¹³C SSMAS samples for 12 weeks, whereas less than 5%of the sulfur mustard was detected in extracts from the concrete monoliths after 8 days. Sulfonium ions and (2-chloroethylthio)ethyl ether (T) were observed on the in situ samples after a period of 12 weeks, whereas vinyl species and bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfoxide were observed in the extracts of the concrete monoliths within 24 h. The differences between the extraction and the SSMAS data indicated that the sulfur mustard existed in the concrete in a non-extractable form prior to its degradation. Extraction methods alone were not sufficient to identify the products; methods to identify the presence of non-extractable degradation products were also required.