Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, cognition, and behavior in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized controlled trial

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• 作者：Catherine M. Milte ; B.Sc(Hons.)^a ; ^d ; Natalie Parletta ; Ph.D.^b ; ^d ; ^{natalie.parletta@unisa.edu.au} ; Jonathan D. Buckley ; Ph.D.^a ; ^d ; Alison M. Coates ; Ph.D.^a ; ^d ; Ross M. Young ; Ph.D.^c ; ^d ; Peter R.C. Howe ; Ph.D.^d
• 关键词：Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ; Children ; Learning difficulties ; 蠅-3 Fatty acids ; Docosahexaenoic acid ; Eicosapentaenoic acid
• 刊名：Nutrition
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：81_08999007
• 类别：abs
• 出版时间：June, 2012
• 卷：28
• 期：6
• 页码：670-677
• 文件大小：234 K

摘要

Objective

To determine the effects of an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich oil and a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich oil versus an 蠅-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich safflower oil (control) on literacy and behavior in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a randomized controlled trial.

Methods

Supplements rich in EPA, DHA, or safflower oil were randomly allocated for 4 mo to 90 Australian children 7 to 12 y old with ADHD symptoms higher than the 90th percentile on the Conners Rating Scales. The effect of supplementation on cognition, literacy, and parent-rated behavior was assessed by linear mixed modeling. Pearson correlations determined associations between the changes in outcome measurements and the erythrocyte fatty acid content (percentage of total) from baseline to 4 mo.

Results

There were no significant differences between the supplement groups in the primary outcomes after 4 mo. However, the erythrocyte fatty acid profiles indicated that an increased proportion of DHA was associated with improved word reading (r = 0.394) and lower parent ratings of oppositional behavior (r = 0.392). These effects were more evident in a subgroup of 17 children with learning difficulties: an increased erythrocyte DHA was associated with improved word reading (r = 0.683), improved spelling (r = 0.556), an improved ability to divide attention (r聽= 0.676), and lower parent ratings of oppositional behavior (r = 0.777), hyperactivity (r = 0.702), restlessness (r = 0.705), and overall ADHD symptoms (r = 0.665).

Conclusion

Increases in erythrocyte 蠅-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically DHA, may improve literacy and behavior in children with ADHD. The greatest benefit may be observed in children who have comorbid learning difficulties.