摘要
After a short history of Brazilian research about Pleistocene peopling, the Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene changes of climate and resources are discussed. Claims for a very ancient presence of Man before 13,000 BP (Itaboraí, Toca da Esperança, Pedra Furada and Lapa Vermelha sites) are polemic, because putative structures and artifacts could have been made by natural processes. In central and northeastern Brazil some sites dated between 14,000 and 10,000 BP provide clear evidence of human activities and coexistence with huge Pleistocene mammals.