Human appropriation of net primary production as determinant of avifauna diversity in Austria
- 作者：Helmut Haberl ; Christoph Plutzar ; Karl-Heinz Erb ; Veronika Gaube ; Martin Pollheimer and Niels B. Schulz
- 关键词：Human appropriation of net primary production ; HANPP ; Biodiversity ; Bird species richness ; Endangered species ; Energy hypothesis ; Pressure indicator
- 刊名：Agriculture ; Ecosystems & Environment
- 出版年：2005
- 期刊代码：6_01678809
- 类别：abs
- 出版时间：2005
- 卷：110
- 期：3-4
- 页码：119-131
- 文件大小：440 K
摘要
The relationship between land-use induced changes in production ecology and avifauna diversity was analysed using a GIS land cover dataset on a 0.25 km × 0.25 km grid covering Austria's national territory. Considering only aboveground processes, the “human appropriation of net primary production” (HANPP = potential NPP − NPPt), actual NPP (NPPact), harvest (NPPh) and NPPt (= NPPact − harvest) were recalculated based on existing datasets. Elevation as well as indicators of land cover heterogeneity and landscape heterogeneity were also considered. Correlation analyses were performed between these potential determinants of avifauna diversity and breeding bird species richness data as well as the percentage of endangered breeding birds included in the Austrian red list. Four spatial scales—0.25 km × 0.25 km, 1 km × 1 km, 4 km × 4 km and 16 × 16 km, were analysed. It was shown that breeding bird species richness was more strongly correlated with production ecological indicators and elevation than with heterogeneity indicators. A residual analysis in which the effect of elevation (a proxy for climate) on species richness and its potential determinants was removed confirmed the importance of the availability of trophic energy (NPP) for bird diversity patterns. The results support the species-energy hypothesis, thus confirming the notion that HANPP could be a useful pressure indicator for biodiversity loss.