Epidémiologie, imagerie et traitement de la maladie de Horton
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摘要
The complicated forms of giant cell arteritis regroup various situations: ocular involvement at the start, large vein involvement, corticosteroid resistance (rare), corticosteroid dependence preventing the reduction in the daily dose of prednisone to less than 15mg, high rate of morbidity with prolonged corticosteroid therapy.

ass="h4">General principles

The ocular forms and those with large vein involvement, require a minimal attack treatment with 1mg/kg/d of prednisone. Cortisone assaults are often prescribed despite the fact that their efficacy remains to be demonstrated. Curative treatment with heparin (calcic or of low molecular weight) should be prescribed for 5 to 7 days with later relay to a platelet anti-aggregant, without any randomised study having validated this proposition.

ass="h4">The case of corticosteroid-dependence

The iatrogenic risk of corticosteroids is high and alternative treatments should be proposed: azathioprine, methotrexate, dapsone or hydroxychloroquine. Osteoporosis is the most frequent complication of corticosteroid therapy and must be avoided by the administration of a biphosphonate.


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La Revue de M&#xe9;decine Interne,&#xa0;Volume 22, Issue 5,&#xa0;May 2001, Pages 487-488
G. Le Moal, M. Paccalin, F. Roy-Peaud, P. Roblot, B. Becq-Giraudon

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La Presse M&#xe9;dicale,&#xa0;Volume 33, Issue 1,&#xa0;January 2004, Pages 41-50
Christian Agard, Jacques Henri Barrier

Abstract
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ass="h3">R&#xe9;sum&#xe9;

ass="h4">D’une mani&#xe8;re g&#xe9;n&#xe9;rale

Les cortico&#xef;des restent la base du traitement de la maladie de Horton et la prednisone est la mol&#xe9;cule de choix. Ils permettent une am&#xe9;lioration des symptômes et diminuent consid&#xe9;rablement le risque de c&#xe9;cit&#xe9;. Plusieurs formes cliniques de la maladie doivent &#xea;tre individualis&#xe9;es afin de pr&#xe9;ciser pour chacune d’entre elles les modalit&#xe9;s de la corticoth&#xe9;rapie et les traitements &#xe9;ventuels &#xe0; associer.

ass="h4">Maladie de Horton non compliqu&#xe9;e

Les formes simples de la maladie de Horton se d&#xe9;finissent par l’absence d’atteinte oculaire, l’absence d’atteinte clinique des art&#xe8;res de gros calibre, l’absence de corticor&#xe9;sistance, et l’absence de corticod&#xe9;pendance &#xe0; un haut niveau (formes simples devenant secondairement compliqu&#xe9;es).

ass="h4">Modalit&#xe9;s de la corticoth&#xe9;rapie

Ces formes simples justifient un traitement d’attaque &#xe0; la dose de 0,7 mg/kg/j de prednisone alors que les assauts cortisoniques n’ont pas de justification pr&#xe9;cise. Des doses initiales quotidiennes plus faibles de prednisone, 0,5 mg/kg/j voire moins, semblent exposer &#xe0; un risque plus &#xe9;lev&#xe9; de reprise &#xe9;volutive de la maladie mais sont n&#xe9;anmoins &#xe0; &#xe9;valuer.

ass="h4">Questions satellites

La iatrog&#xe9;nicit&#xe9; des cortico&#xef;des pose des probl&#xe8;mes chez les patients corticod&#xe9;pendants et ceux recevant un traitement d’attaque trop long. Le risque d’ost&#xe9;oporose cortico-induite est particuli&#xe8;rement important au cours de la maladie de Horton. Enfin, il n’existe toujours pas d’&#xe9;tude prospective permettant de pr&#xe9;ciser les indications des anticoagulants ou des anti-agr&#xe9;gants plaquettaires en phase aigu&#xeb; de la maladie.

ass="h3">Summary

ass="h4">In general

Corticosteroids remain the basis of treatment of giant cell arteritis, with prednisone the molecule of choice, since they improve the symptoms and considerably reduce the risk of blindness. Several clinical forms of the disease must be distinguished in order to specify the modalities of corticosteroid treatment and any eventual associated treatments.

ass="h4">Simple giant cell arteritis

The simple forms of the disease are defined by the absence of ocular involvement, the absence of clinical involvement of the large arteries, the absence of corticosteroid resistance and the absence of corticosteroid dependence (simple forms subsequently complicated).

ass="h4">Modalities of corticosteroid therapy

These simple forms justify an attack treatment with 0.7 mg/kg/d of prednisone although cortisone assaults do not have a specific justification. Initiation with lower daily doses of prednisone at 0.5/mg/kg or even less appear to expose the patient to a higher risk of progression of the disease, but merit assessment.

ass="h4">Satellite questions

The iatrogeneity of corticosteroids raises problems in corticosteroid dependent patients and those receiving prolonged attack treatment. The risk of cortisone-induced osteoporosis is particularly high during giant cell arteritis. There is still no prospective study specifying the indications for treatment of the disease with anticoagulants or platelet anti-aggregants.


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ass="h4">Mise au point

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Epid&#xe9;miologie, imagerie et traitement de la maladie de Horton<a name="bafn1">a><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W78-4RTCMVF-2&_user=10&_coverDate=05%2F31%2F2008&_rdoc=6&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236620%232008%23999249994%23688292%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6620&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=35&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=75e8884d6ae8927de3629bb9226be101#afn1">alt="star, open" title="star, open" border="0">a>

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