Physiological effects following administration of Citrus aurantium for 28 days in rats

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• 作者：Deborah K. Hansen^a ; ^{deborah.hansen@fda.hhs.gov} ; Nysia I. George^a ; Gene E. White^b ; Linda S. Pellicore^c ; Ali Abdel-Rahman^d ; Daniel Fabricant^d ; Food ; Drug Administration
• 关键词：Bitter orange ; Citrus aurantium ; Cardiotoxicology ; Blood pressure ; Heart rate ; Weight loss
• 刊名：Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：58_0041008x
• 类别：pha
• 出版时间：15 June, 2012
• 卷：261
• 期：3
• 页码：236-247
• 文件大小：1384 K

摘要

Background

Since ephedra-containing dietary supplements were banned from the US market, manufacturers changed their formulations by eliminating ephedra and replacing with other botanicals, including Citrus aurantium, or bitter orange. Bitter orange contains, among other compounds, synephrine, a chemical that is chemically similar to ephedrine. Since ephedrine may have cardiovascular effects, the goal of this study was to investigate the cardiovascular effects of various doses of bitter orange extract and pure synephrine in rats.

Method

Female Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed daily by gavage for 28 days with synephrine from two different extracts. One extract contained 6%synephrine, and the other extract contained 95%synephrine. Doses were 10 or 50 mg synephrine/kg body weight from each extract. Additionally, caffeine was added to these doses, since many dietary supplements also contain caffeine. Telemetry was utilized to monitor heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature and QT interval in all rats.

Results and conclusion

Synephrine, either as the bitter orange extract or as pure synephrine, increased heart rate and blood pressure. Animals treated with 95%synephrine showed minimal effects on heart rate and blood pressure; more significant effects were observed with the bitter orange extract suggesting that other components in the botanical can alter these physiological parameters. The increases in heart rate and blood pressure were more pronounced when caffeine was added. None of the treatments affected uncorrected QT interval in the absence of caffeine.