In vitro study of percutaneous absorption of aluminum from antiperspirants through human skin in the Franz鈩?diffusion cell

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• 作者：Alain Pineau^b ; Olivier Guillard^a ; ^{olivier.guillard@univ-poitiers.fr} ; Bernard Fauconneau^d ; Fré ; dé ; ric Favreau^a ; Marie-Hé ; lè ; ne Marty^c ; Angeline Gaudin^c ; Claire Marie Vincent^c ; Annie Marrauld^a ; Jean-Paul Marty^c
• 关键词：Aluminum ; Human skin ; Franz&trade ; diffusion cell ; Antiperspirants ; ZEAAS (Zeeman Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry)
• 刊名：Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：53_01620134
• 类别：ch
• 出版时间：May, 2012
• 卷：110
• 期：Complete
• 页码：21-26
• 文件大小：331 K

摘要

Aluminum salts such as aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) are known for use as an active antiperspirant agent that blocks the secretion of sweat. A local case report of hyperaluminemia in a woman using an aluminum-containing antiperspirant for 4 years raises the problem of transdermal absorption of aluminum (Al). Only a very limited number of studies have shown that the skin is an effective barrier to transdermal uptake of Al. In accordance with our analytical procedure, the aim of this study with an in vitro Franz鈩?diffusion cell was to measure aluminum uptake from three cosmetic formulations of antiperspirant: the base for an 鈥渁erosol鈥?(38.5%of ACH), a 鈥渞oll-on鈥?emulsion (14.5%ACH), and a 鈥渟tick鈥?(21.2%), by samples of intact and stripped human skin (5 donors). The Al assays were performed by Zeeman Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (ZEAAS). Following contacts lasting 6, 12 and 24 h, the Al assays showed only insignificant transdermal absorption of Al (鈮?#xA0;0.07%of the quantity of Al deposited) and particularly low cutaneous quantities that varied according to the formulations (1.8 渭g/cm虏 for 鈥渁erosol base鈥?and 鈥渟tick鈥?鈥?0.5 渭g/cm虏 for the 鈥渞oll-on鈥?. On stripped skin, for which only the 鈥渟tick鈥?formulation was tested, the measured uptake was significantly higher (11.50 渭g/cm虏 versus 1.81 渭g/cm虏 for normal skin). These results offer reassurance as regards to the use of antiperspirants for topical application of ACH-containing cosmetic formulations on healthy skin over a limited time span (24 h). On the other hand, high transdermal Al uptake on stripped skin should compel antiperspirant manufacturers to proceed with the utmost caution.