Lead contamination of the Seine River, France: Geochemical implications of a historical perspective

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• 作者：Sophie Ayrault^a ; ^{sophie.ayrault@lsce.ipsl.fr} ; Matthieu Roy-Barman^a ; Marie-Franç ; oise Le Cloarec^a ; Cindy Rianti Priadi^a ; Philippe Bonté ; ^a ; Christa Gö ; pel^b
• 关键词：Metals ; Isotope ; Pollution ; Rio Tinto ; Industrial lead ; Urban lead
• 刊名：Chemosphere
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：15_00456535
• 类别：env
• 出版时间：May, 2012
• 卷：87
• 期：8
• 页码：902-910
• 文件大小：690 K

摘要

Four sediment cores collected in the Seine River basin and dated between 1916 and 2003 were analyzed for lead concentrations and isotopic composition. In all four cores, the measured Pb concentration (up to 460 mg kg^鈭?) lies significantly above the natural background (27-40 mg kg^鈭?), although a significant decrease (down to 75 mg kg^鈭?) was observed during the second half of the 20th century which can be explained by the reduction of lead emissions. The ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratio measured in these samples indicates that the main source of Pb used in the Paris conurbation is characterized by a 鈥淩io Tinto鈥?signature (defined as ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb = 1.1634 卤 0.0001). A high contribution, up to 25%, from the leaded gasoline (characterized by ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb = 1.08 卤 0.02) is revealed in the Seine River downstream Paris, indicating that lead from the leaded gasoline is preferentially released to the river.

The dominating Pb signature in the Paris conurbation that is currently sampled through incinerators fumes (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb = 1.1550 卤 0.0005) and waste water treatment plant (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb = 1.154 卤 0.002), represents a mixture of highly recycled lead from the Rio Tinto mine and lead from leaded gasoline (imprinted by the low ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb of the Broken Hill mine). This signature is called 鈥渦rban鈥?rather than 鈥渋ndustrial鈥? because it is clearly distinct from the Pb that is found in areas contaminated by heavy industry, i.e. the heavy industries located on the Oise River which used lead from European ores characterized by high ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratios (鈭?.18-1.19) and possibly a minor amount of North American lead (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratios > 1.20). The 鈥渦rban鈥?signature is also found in a rural area upstream of Paris in the 1970鈥檚. At the Seine River mouth in 2003, Pb with an urban signature represents 70%of the total Pb sediment content, with the 30%remaining corresponding to natural Pb.