Metal concentrations and distribution in the household, stairs and entryway dust of some Egyptian homes

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• 作者：Salwa Kamal Mohamed Hassan ; ^{salwa_kamal2004@yahoo.com}
• 关键词：Household dust ; Stairs ; Entryway ; Metals ; Distribution ; EF ; Urban ; Residential area ; Greater Cairo
• 刊名：Atmospheric Environment
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：11_13522310
• 类别：env
• 出版时间：July, 2012
• 卷：54
• 期：Complete
• 页码：207-215
• 文件大小：473 K

摘要

Household, stairs and entryway dust samples were collected from 16 houses distributed across Greater Cairo by using vacuum cleaner and sweeping methods during summer season of 2009. Lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) were measured in different dust particle sizes: <38聽渭m, >38-45聽渭m and >45-63聽渭m. The highest average concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cd, Co, Cu, and Cr in different particle sizes were found in entryway followed by household and stairs. Al, Fe and Zn concentrations followed the pattern of entryway聽>聽stairs聽>聽household. Pb, Ni, Cd, Zn, Co and Cr were found in significantly (p聽<聽0.01) higher concentrations in dust of the small particle size (<38聽渭m), whereas Al, Fe and Cu were detected in significantly (p聽<聽0.01) higher concentrations in dust of the large particle size (>45-63聽渭m). The average concentrations of the individual metals in dust of the small particle size (<38聽渭m) were 268, 196.4 and 254.49聽渭g聽gm^鈭? for Pb, 49.6, 43.5 and 46.66聽渭g聽gm^鈭? for Ni, 2.86, 2.15 and 2.71聽渭g聽gm^鈭? for Cd, 4340, 3796 and 2602聽渭g聽gm^鈭? for Al, 2860, 2200 and 2004聽渭g聽gm^鈭? for Fe, 209.25, 152.3 and 103.26聽渭g聽gm^鈭? for Zn, 4.1, 2.88 and 1.96聽渭g聽gm^鈭? for Co, 85.99, 74.06 and 83.17聽渭g聽gm^鈭? for Cr and 168.2, 156.5 and 122.02聽渭g聽gm^鈭? for Cu in entryway, stairs and household, respectively. The mean concentrations of Cu and Pb in the entryway, stairs and household dust exceeded the maximum permissible limit 100聽渭g聽gm^鈭? for Cu and Pb in soil. The highest concentrations of Pb, Cd, Co and Ni were found in urban areas, Al and Fe in the residential areas, and Cu, Zn and Cr in the residential near to industrial area. Significant positive correlation (p聽<聽0.001) were found between the metal concentrations in household and entryway dust, indicating that the metals in household dust may be derived from outdoor sources in addition to dust generated within the house itself. The contribution of anthropogenic sources, especially traffic emission, to metal levels in household, entryway and stairs dust was reflected by the high values of enrichment factors for Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu and Ni and Cr in fine dust particle compared to the average crustal composition. Insignificant positive correlation coefficients were found between the concentrations of Pb and other metals in household dust. However, the correlation coefficients between the concentrations of Cd, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn and Fe were statistically significant.