Few Associations between Income and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

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• 作者：Amanda L. Middaugh ; MS¹ ; Paul S. Fisk ; MS² ; Ardith Brunt ; PhD ; RD¹ ; ^{Ardith.brunt@ndsu.edu} ; Yeong S. Rhee ; PhD ; RD¹
• 关键词：income ; education ; fruit ; vegetables ; nutrition surveys
• 刊名：Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：P99_14994046
• 类别：med
• 出版时间：May-June, 2012
• 卷：44
• 期：3
• 页码：196-203
• 文件大小：419 K

摘要

Objective

To examine the association between income and the consumption of fruits and vegetables using the poverty income ratio (PIR).

Design

Association between PIR and intake of fruits and vegetables combined. The PIR was divided into 5 groups ranging from < poverty threshold (PT) to 鈮?400%PT.

Participants

Adults aged 18 years and older (N = 16,232) who participated in the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and fit the qualifiers.

Main Outcome Measures

The amount of combined fruit and vegetable intake based on income level.

Analyses

Using ANCOVA, a base model with increasing number of covariates was analyzed.

Results

Mean daily intake ranged from 253-324 g for those who consumed both fruits and vegetables (N聽= 16,213). In the base model, significant differences in intake occurred between those who were at 鈮?400%PT and PIR groups < 400. When age, sex, race/ethnicity, and calorie intake were added to the base model, these differences remained. Adding educational level to the model removed these differences.

Conclusions and Implications

Dietary intake of fruits and vegetables is directly related to income when income reaches levels of 鈮?400%PT. These differences are mediated by education. Providing nutrition education may help individuals to reach the recommended level of consumption of fruits and vegetables.