Epidemiologic Trends in Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Cytokine and Post-Cytokine Eras: A Registry Analysis of 28,252 Patients

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• 作者：Derek Shek¹ ; Benjamin Tomlinson¹ ; Monica Brown¹ ; ² ; Ann Brunson¹ ; Chong-Xian Pan¹ ; Primo N. Lara Jr¹ ; ^{primo.lara@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu}
• 关键词：Cytokines ; Distant disease ; Regional disease ; Renal cell cancer ; Targeted agents
• 刊名：Clinical Genitourinary Cancer
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：pca93_15587673
• 类别：med
• 出版时间：June, 2012
• 卷：10
• 期：2
• 页码：93-98
• 文件大小：347 K

摘要

Background

Before 2004, advanced renal cell cancer (RCC) therapy consisted primarily of cytokines such as interferon and/or interleukin-2. Subsequently, randomized trials of targeted therapies have shown a survival benefit, leading to the approval of several new agents since 2004. Whether the survival benefit seen in highly selected patients accrued to these trials has already translated to the general RCC patient population is unclear. To explore this, a large RCC patient registry was evaluated for changes in outcome between the cytokine (1998-2003) and post-cytokine (2004-2007) eras.

Methods

Data from the California Cancer Registry (CCR), a population-based cancer surveillance system, was used to retrospectively analyze 28,252 patients with RCC diagnosed between 1998 and 2007. Inter-era differences in clinical variables鈥攊ncluding year of diagnosis, histologic characteristics, age, sex, race, stage, nephrectomy status, overall survival (OS), and cause-specific survival (CSS)鈥攚ere assessed. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used.

Results

Crude 3-year OS (68.2%vs. 74.6%; 2P < .001) and CSS (78.1%vs. 82.3%; 2P < .001) were significantly higher in the post-cytokine era. In multivariate analysis, the 3 strongest predictors for improved survival were localized disease (hazard ratio [HR], 18.1; 95%confidence interval [CI], 16.6-19.6), nephrectomy (HR, 2.87; 95%CI, 2.68-3.08), and clear cell histologic type (HR, 1.33; 95%CI, 1.22-1.44).

Conclusions

In this analysis of a large RCC registry, there was an apparent increase in crude OS and CSS in the post-cytokine era compared with the cytokine era. Insufficient follow-up time in the post-cytokine era and a higher proportion of localized disease in that era confound the possibility of benefit derived from targeted therapies. Longer follow-up for patients treated in the post-cytokine era is necessary for a more robust comparison of long-term OS.