Characterization and source apportionment of ambient air particulate matter (PM_2.5) in Karachi

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• 作者：M. Mansha ; ^{muhammad_mansha@yahoo.co.uk} ; Badar Ghauri ; Said Rahman ; Arif Amman
• 关键词：Trace metal ; Air quality ; Emission sources ; PM2.5 ; Source apportionment
• 刊名：Science of the Total Environment
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：63_00489697
• 类别：env
• 出版时间：15 May, 2012
• 卷：425
• 期：Complete
• 页码：176-183
• 文件大小：1116 K

摘要

Concentrations and source apportionment of PM_2.5 monitored at an urban residential site in Karachi Metropolitan, Pakistan have been reported in this paper. PM_2.5 aerosol samples were collected on alternative days (three times per week) for 24-hrs duration on Zefluor^TM filter papers using Thermo-Electron Corporation Reference Ambient Air Sampler (RAAS). A total of 402 samples were collected from January 2006 to January 2008. According to results high PM_2.5 loads were observed in post monsoon months that is about 2 times than those observed in the summer and monsoon seasons in the yearlong measurements. The collected samples were analyzed using ICP-MS for trace metal concentration. Source apportionment was performed on PM samples using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model. The results derived from PMF model indicated five (05) major contributors to PM_2.5 in Karachi which were: soil/road dust, industrial emissions, vehicular emissions, sea salt originated from Arabian Sea and secondary aerosols.