Microbial environmental contamination in Italian dental clinics: A multicenter study yielding recommendations for standardized sampling methods and threshold values

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• 作者：Cesira Pasquarella^a ; ^{ira.pasquarella@unipr.it} ; Licia Veronesi^a ; Christian Napoli^b ; Paolo Castiglia^c ; Giorgio Liguori^d ; Rolando Rizzetto^e ; Ida Torre^f ; Elena Righi^g ; Patrizia Farruggia^h ; Marina Tesauroⁱ ; Maria V. Torregrossa^j ; Maria T. Montagna^b ; Maria E. Colucci^a ; Francesca Gallè ; ^d ; Maria D. Masia^c ; Laura Strohmenger^k ; Margherita Bergomi^g ; Carola Tinteri^e ; Manuela Panico^h ; Francesca Pennino^f ; Lucia Cannova^j ; Marialuisa Tanzi^a ; SItI Working Group Hygiene in Dentistry¹
• 关键词：Air ; Dental clinic ; Dental unit water system ; Microbial contamination ; Surfaces ; Water
• 刊名：Science of the Total Environment
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：63_00489697
• 类别：env
• 出版时间：15 March, 2012
• 卷：420
• 期：Complete
• 页码：289-299
• 文件大小：253 K

摘要

A microbiological environmental investigation was carried out in ten dental clinics in Italy. Microbial contamination of water, air and surfaces was assessed in each clinic during the five working days, for one week per month, for a three-month period. Water and surfaces were sampled before and after clinical activity; air was sampled before, after, and during clinical activity. A wide variation was found in microbial environmental contamination, both within the participating clinics and for the different sampling times. Before clinical activity, microbial water contamination in tap water reached 51,200 cfu/mL (colony forming units per milliliter), and that in Dental Unit Water Systems (DUWSs) reached 872,000 cfu/mL. After clinical activity, there was a significant decrease in the Total Viable Count (TVC) in tap water and in DUWSs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 2.38%(7/294) of tap water samples and in 20.06%(59/294) of DUWS samples; Legionella spp. was found in 29.96%(89/297) of tap water samples and 15.82%(47/297) of DUWS samples, with no significant difference between pre- and post-clinical activity. Microbial air contamination was highest during dental treatments, and decreased significantly at the end of the working activity (p < 0.05). The microbial buildup on surfaces increased significantly during the working hours. This study provides data for the establishment of standardized sampling methods, and threshold values for contamination monitoring in dentistry. Some very critical situations have been observed which require urgent intervention. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the need for research aimed at defining effective managing strategies for dental clinics.