Attentional Bias and Disinhibition Toward Gaming Cues Are Related to Problem Gaming in Male Adolescents

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• 作者：Ruth J. van Holst ; M.Sc.^a ; ^{r.j.vanholst@amc.uva.nl} ; Jeroen S. Lemmens ; Ph.D.^b ; Patti M. Valkenburg ; Ph.D.^b ; Jochen Peter ; Ph.D.^b ; Dick J. Veltman ; M.D. ; Ph.D.^a ; Anna E. Goudriaan ; Ph.D.^a ; ^{a.e.goudriaan@amc.uva.nl}
• 关键词：Game addiction ; Pathological gaming ; Attentional bias ; Response inhibition ; Impulsivity ; Excessive computer game playing ; Reaction time
• 刊名：Journal of Adolescent Health
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：140_1054139x
• 类别：med
• 出版时间：June, 2012
• 卷：50
• 期：6
• 页码：541-546
• 文件大小：422 K

摘要

Purpose

The aim of this study was to examine whether behavioral tendencies commonly related to addictive behaviors are also related to problematic computer and video game playing in adolescents. The study of attentional bias and response inhibition, characteristic for addictive disorders, is relevant to the ongoing discussion on whether problematic gaming should be classified as an addictive disorder.

Methods

We tested the relation between self-reported levels of problem gaming and two behavioral domains: attentional bias and response inhibition. Ninety-two male adolescents performed two attentional bias tasks (addiction-Stroop, dot-probe) and a behavioral inhibition task (go/no-go). Self-reported problem gaming was measured by the game addiction scale, based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fourth edition criteria for pathological gambling and time spent on computer and/or video games.

Results

Male adolescents with higher levels of self-reported problem gaming displayed signs of error-related attentional bias to game cues. Higher levels of problem gaming were also related to more errors on response inhibition, but only when game cues were presented.

Conclusions

These findings are in line with the findings of attentional bias reported in clinically recognized addictive disorders, such as substance dependence and pathological gambling, and contribute to the discussion on the proposed concept of 鈥淎ddiction and Related Disorders鈥?(which may include non-substance-related addictive behaviors) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fourth edition.