• PROLONGE
D STANDING is consi
dere
d to be an occupational risk factor for musculoskeletal
disor
ders. This cross-sectional, multicenter stu
dy examine
d whether Dutch perioperative personnel excee
de
d ergonomic gui
delines for stan
ding in the workplace (ie, not more than one hour of continuous stan
ding an
d not more than four hours of stan
ding in total per
day).
• PERIOPERATIVE PERSONNEL in 16 hospitals recorded their standing times on a daily basis. The average standing time in the OR was 2.5 hours per work day; however, participants exceeded the ergonomic guidelines on two out of three work days.
• A REDUCTION IN THE SOURCE of the strain is considered to be the most effective way to prevent occupational health problems. Taking “microbreaksȁd; to relax or move and job duty rotation could help reduce excessive physical stress.div>div>
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der=0 src="/scidirimg/jrn_nsub.gif" alt="You are not entitled to access the full text of this document" title="You are not entitled to access the full text of this document" width=12 height=14"> direct.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T89-4MY6N5B-1&_user=10&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F2008&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=article&_cdi=5081&_sort=v&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=48&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=887ee7ef13a28925ff9f2785fafd9949">Trunk muscle responses to suddenly applied loads: Do individuals who develop discomfort during prolonged standing respond differently?
Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, Volume 18, Issue 3, June 2008, Pages 495-502
Diane E. Gregory, Stephen H.M. Brown, Jack P. Callaghan
Abstract
<div class="mlktScroll"><div style="line-height:150%">Individuals with low back pain or injury (LBP/LBI) have been shown to display altered muscle responses to trunk perturbations; however it is unclear whether these observations are a cause or a result of the LBP/LBI. In this study, a 6.78 kg load was suddenly applied to the hands to perturb the trunk prior to and following a 2-h standing period, during which trunk and hip electromyography (EMG) and centre of pressure (CoP) at the feet were recorded. Seven of the 13 participants developed substantial low back discomfort (LBDiscomfort) during the standing period. These individuals, both pre- and post-standing, showed a greater average number of responsive extensor muscles (3.8 compared to 3.1 in those who did not develop discomfort) and a greater occurrence of extensor muscle response (95–100%of trials) as compared to those who did not develop LBDiscomfort (73–86%of trials). Also, after discomfort developed, these individuals displayed an increased response in their abdominal muscles. This overall increase in trunk musculature activity could either be detrimental by potentially increasing spinal loading leading to LBDiscomfort, or beneficial in that this increased musculature responsiveness may reduce one’s likelihood of developing a future LBI through a pathway of increased spine stability. In either case, these responses indicate motor control characteristics that can distinguish the likelihood of an individual developing LBDiscomfort during common tasks such as prolonged standing.div>div>
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der=0 src="/scidirimg/jrn_nsub.gif" alt="You are not entitled to access the full text of this document" title="You are not entitled to access the full text of this document" width=12 height=14"> direct.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0P-3TT65VG-14&_user=10&_coverDate=07%2F31%2F1996&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=article&_cdi=4868&_sort=v&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=48&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=9cd1a5927e6ab5671bbfbe5ea4003ee5">Effect of temperature and food intake on metabolic rate and posture of preruminant calves
Physiology & Behavior, Volume 60, Issue 1, July 1996, Pages 203-209
J. P. A. Roefs, J. W. Schrama, W. G. P. Schouten
Abstract
<div class="mlktScroll"><div style="line-height:150%">Influence of feeding level and temperature on posture and posture-related heat production was studied in preruminant calves. Twenty-four young calves were assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial design to one of two feeding levels [high (FH) or low (FL)] and to one of two temperature (7.5°C or 19°C). Heat production (HP) and posture were measured per calf every 9 min, during 3 days. HP was dependent on feeding level and temperature. Energy expenditure related to standing was higher at 7.5°C than at 19°C. Time spent standing was higher at FL than at FH, and at 7.5°C than at 19°C. On the contrary, the number of standing periods was lower at 7.5°C than at 19°C. Consequently, the duration of a standing period was higher at 7.5°C than at 19°C. Within a standing period, HP decreased with time. This decline was largest at 7.5°C. Thus, energy cost of standing was lower in treatments with a longer duration of a standing period. These results demonstrated that the effect of temperature on energy cost of standing is influenced by the number of standing periods.div>div>
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Prolonged standing as a precursor for the development of low back discomfort: An investigation of possible mechanisms
