Daily Total Physical Activity Level and Premature Death in Men and Women: Results From a Large-Scale Population-Based Cohort Study in Japan (JPHC Study)
- 作者：Manami Inoue ; Hiroyasu Iso ; Seiichiro Yamamoto ; Norie Kurahashi ; Motoki Iwasaki ; Shizuka Sasazuki ; Shoichiro Tsugane ; For The Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study Group
- 关键词：Physical Activity ; Population-Based ; Cohort Study ; Mortality
- 刊名：Annals of Epidemiology
- 出版年：2008
- 期刊代码：15_10472797
- 类别：med
- 出版时间：July 2008
- 卷：18
- 期：7
- 页码：522-530
- 文件大小：160 K
摘要
The present study shows that high-resolution medium energy ion scattering (MEIS) can determine the shape and size of two (2D: height below two atomic-layers) and/or three (3D) dimensional nano-clusters of gold, for example, grown on oxide supports. We synthesized a computer program to simulate MEIS spectra from 2D- and/or 3D-clusters approximated by an appropriate analytic function and from underlying substrates. The observed MEIS spectra are well reproduced assuming a partial sphere for 3D-islands. The height, diameter and areal occupation ratios for 2D- and 3D-clusters together with size fluctuation are taken as fitting parameters. The MEIS spectra measured at different scattering geometries allows derivation of a unique solution for the above fitting parameters. The lateral size and its fluctuation determined in such a way agree with those observed by a scanning electron microscope of a field emission type. This paper also presents the initial growth process of gold nano-clusters on reduced TiO2(1 1 0) substrates.