Influence of a dispersant on the bioaccumulation of phenanthrene by topsmelt (Atherinops affinis)

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• 作者：Mielbrecht ; E.E. ; Wolfe ; M.F. ; Tjeerdema ; R.S. ; Sowby ; M.L.
• 关键词：Prudhoe Bay crude oil ; Corexit 9527 ; Phenanthrene ; Topsmelt ; Atherinops affinis ; Bioaccumulation
• 刊名：Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
• 出版年：2005
• 期刊代码：77_01476513
• 类别：env
• 出版时间：May, 2005
• 卷：61
• 期：1
• 页码：44-52
• 文件大小：270 K

摘要

Chemical dispersants enhance oil spill dispersion by forming water-accommodated micelles with oil droplets. However, how dispersants alter bioavailability and subsequent bioaccumulation of hydrocarbons is not well understood. Thus, the goal was to investigate the influence of a chemical dispersant on the disposition (uptake, biotransformation, and depuration) of a model hydrocarbon, [¹⁴C]-phenanthrene ([¹⁴C]PHN), by larval topsmelt (Atherinops affinis). Exposure was via aqueous-only or combined dietary and aqueous routes from a water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of Prudhoe Bay Crude Oil (PBCO) or a WAF of Corexit 9527-dispersed PBCO (DO). Trophic transfer was measured by incorporating into exposure media both a rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) as food for the fish and a phytoplankton (Isochrysis galbana) as food for the rotifers. Short-term (com/scidirimg/entities/2a7d.gif" alt="less-than-or-equals, slant" border=0>4 h) bioconcentration of PHN was significantly decreased in topsmelt when oil was treated with dispersant (HXF3Y-3&_mathId=mml4&_user=10&_cdi=6770&_rdoc=6&_handle=V-WA-A-W-AY-MsSAYZA-UUA-U-AAWCVDWDZD-AAWBUCBCZD-WCDYBZEVZ-AY-U&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_userid=10&md5=c5930fbf9af5ad9b29fe5cec772c62a8" title="Click to view the MathML source">P<0.05), but differences diminished after 12 h. When trophic transfer was incorporated, PHN accumulation was initially delayed but after 12 h attained similar levels. Dispersant use also significantly decreased the proportion of biotransformed PHN (as 9-phenanthrylsulfate) produced by topsmelt (P<0.05). However, overall PHN depuration was not affected by dispersant use. Thus, chemical dispersant use in oil spill response may reduce short-term uptake but not long-term accumulation of hydrocarbons such as PHN in pelagic fish.