Olfaction, 鈥渙lfiction,鈥?and the schizophrenia-spectrum: An updated meta-analysis on identification and acuity
- 作者：Alex S. Cohen ; acohen@lsu.edu ; Laura A. Brown ; Tracey L. Auster
- 关键词：Schizophrenia ; Schizotypy ; Olfaction ; Smell ; Meta-analysis
- 刊名：Schizophrenia Research
- 出版年：2012
- 期刊代码：240_09209964
- 类别：med
- 出版时间：March, 2012
- 卷：135
- 期：1-3
- 页码：152-157
- 文件大小：240 K
摘要
Olfaction deficits in individuals with schizophrenia are well documented. A meta-analysis conducted nearly a dozen years ago on the topic revealed a deficit of a full standard deviation in magnitude compared to nonpatient controls. Recent efforts have been attempted to determine whether deficits in olfactory identification and acuity reflect a vulnerability marker of schizophrenia-spectrum pathology. To address this issue, the present study conducted a meta-analysis of 16 studies of individuals with schizotypy, defined in terms of a) 鈥渦ltra-high risk鈥?status, b) having an affected biological family member, or c) having extreme scores on a schizotypy questionnaire. We also conducted an updated meta-analysis of 40 studies of olfactory functioning in schizophrenia. Consistent with the prior meta-analysis, patients with schizophrenia showed impairments in olfaction identification on a full standard deviation in magnitude (d = 鈭?99). Individuals with schizotypy showed much more subtle (d = 鈭?24) differences in olfaction, though the effect sizes were higher for studies examining individuals at 鈥渦ltra-high risk鈥?(d = 鈭?67) versus studies examining individuals with psychometrically-defined (d = 鈭?14) schizotypy. Differences in olfactory acuity, relative to their respective control groups, were small for both the schizophrenia (d = 鈭?45) and schizotypy (d = 鈭?38) studies but were similar in magnitude. The present findings argue against the notion that deficits in olfaction identification are a vulnerability marker of schizophrenia. Suggestions for future research are recommended.