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Place de la thrombolyse dans l’infarctus cxe9;rxe9;bral Role of thrombolysis in stroke
Trois cent soixante-quatre patients ont xe9;txe9; inclus dans l’xe9;tude. La crxe9;ation de la filixe8;re s’est accompagnxe9;e d’une diminution significative des dxe9;lais d’admission des patients et des dxe9;lais d’imagerie, et d’une plus grande implication des services de transport d’urgence (SAMU). La proportion de patients ayant une mauvaise xe9;volution est moindre dans la filixe8;re, cette diminution ne restant significative aprxe8;s ajustement que pour les patients ayant un AVC hxe9;morragique. Les conditions d’utilisation du traitement thrombolytique dans notre centre sont comparables xe0; celles de la littxe9;rature en terme de sxe9;curitxe9; et d’efficacitxe9;.
Cette xe9;tude montre que la crxe9;ation d’une filixe8;re neuro-vasculaire d’accueil direct et de thrombolyse s’est globalement accompagnxe9;e d’une amxe9;lioration de la qualitxe9; des soins, avant mxea;me la crxe9;ation d’une unitxe9; neuro-vasculaire rxe9;pondant aux recommandations.
Our university hospital serves a population of 300 000 inhabitants. Stroke is the leading cause of admission in our department of neurology. In June 2003, when the Emergency Department (ED) was closed in our institution, was created an acute stroke network (ASN), comprising 2 beds of direct admission and thrombolysis in the intensive care unit, and 4 beds dedicated to stroke care in the department of neurology, in which standardized stroke care protocols were implemented.
The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in stroke care related to the creation of the ASN in terms of delays of arrival, imaging, use of intravenous (IV) thrombolysis, and outcome of patients. We conducted a prospective study during 18 months to evaluate characteristics of patients admitted with suspected stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in the newly created ASN and to assess conditions of treatment with IV thrombolysis in terms of safety and efficacy. We also compared the outcome data before and after the creation of the ASN.
For each patient admitted in our hospital for suspected stroke or TIA, were prospectively collected clinical and outcome data (age, mode of transport, delay of arrival after the onset of symptoms (OS), treatment with IV thrombolysis, outcome and discharge). This study was conducted in the ED during six months in 2002, and in the ASN during 18 months, for all patients admitted for stroke.
Three hundred and sixty four patients were admitted in the ASN. Emergency medical services (EMS) were used in half of cases for transport, and median delay of admission after the OS was 2h and 52 min. Median delay of imaging was 1 h and 45 min. Seventeen patients (8.5 p. 100 of ischemic stroke patients) were treated with IV thrombolysis, with an initial good outcome in 9 patients, 7 with a dramatic recovery). The main reason for therapeutic abstention for untreated patients admitted in the first 3 hours was a mild deficit with a NIHSS < 6. Compared with the previous management in the ED, patients in the ASN were younger, had more severe neurological symptoms, the EMS transport was the main mode of transport (versus used in 17 p. 100 of cases in 2002), and the delay of admission was significantly lower: 2 h 52 versus 5 h 10 (p<0.02). After adjustment on the main predictive factors, only patients with hemorrhagic strokes had a better outcome after the creation of the ASN.
Creation of an ASN was associated with a significant decrease of admission and imaging delays, due to a strong collaboration with EMS, and with a better outcome for hemorrhagic stroke patients. Treatment with intravenous thrombolysis in the first 3 hours could be used widely and was efficient and safe. However, the creation of dedicated stroke units for all stroke patients remains necessary to improve quality of care and outcome.
![]() Rxe9;animation, Volume 15, Issues 7-8, December 2006, Pages 540-545 K. Vahedi Abstract Rxe9;sumxe9;Les accidents vasculaires cxe9;rxe9;braux (AVC) sont une pathologie frxe9;quente et grave, touchant chaque annxe9;e environ 120 000 nouveaux patients en France. Une prise en charge spxe9;cialisxe9;e dans une structure hospitalixe8;re dxe9;dixe9;e (unitxe9; neurovasculaire) dxe8;s les premixe8;res heures du dxe9;but des signes neurologiques, permet d'amxe9;liorer le pronostic des AVC xe0; la fois en termes de mortalitxe9; et de rxe9;cupxe9;ration fonctionnelle. Dans le cas d'une ischxe9;mie cxe9;rxe9;brale, le bxe9;nxe9;fice de la recanalisation artxe9;rielle par le recombinant du tissu plasminogxe8;ne activateur, administrxe9; par voie intraveineuse en extrxea;me urgence, moins de trois heures aprxe8;s le dxe9;but des signes cliniques, permet d'augmenter d'un tiers la probabilitxe9; de rxe9;cupxe9;ration sans sxe9;quelles neurologiques ou avec des sxe9;quelles minimes sans modifier la mortalitxe9;. La fenxea;tre des trois heures est extrxea;mement courte pour permettre xe0; tous les patients victimes d'un accident ischxe9;mique cxe9;rxe9;bral qui n'auraient par ailleurs pas de contre-indications au traitement thrombolytique d'en bxe9;nxe9;ficier. Il est probable que dans un futur proche cette fenxea;tre thxe9;rapeutique de trois heures sera dxe9;passxe9;e grxe2;ce xe0; de nouveaux thrombolytiques, des techniques de dxe9;sobstruction mxe9;canique et surtout xe0; la sxe9;lection des patients basxe9;e sur l'imagerie par rxe9;sonance magnxe9;tique cxe9;rxe9;brale. Cet examen, indiquxe9; en urgence devant tout patient suspect d'un AVC, permet de sxe9;lectionner le patient chez qui il existe une zone de pxe9;nombre ischxe9;mique encore rxe9;cupxe9;rable et permet de mieux xe9;valuer le risque hxe9;morragique.Cerebro-vascular diseases are a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Their incidence is estimated near 120000 patients in France. Patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke should receive specific management in dedicated stroke units by dedicated stroke teams because of a significant reduction of mortality and institutionalization. Since the results of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke trial in 1995, showing a substantial benefit of early administration of tissue-type plasminogen activator no later than 180 minutes after onset of neurological symptoms, specific guidelines have been published for the routine use of this thrombolytic agent in patients with acute ischemic stroke. However the approach of the early recanalisation in acute ischemic stroke has changed since the advent of modern brain imaging including diffusion and perfusion imaging and magnetic resonance angiography. These modern techniques should allow the use of tPA even after the 3 hours time window with a reduced risk of symptomatic brain hemorrhages. In the future, new thrombolytic agents such as desmoteplase or mechanical clots retrieval devices may be used to reperfuse the ischemic tissues in a larger time window from stroke onset and with fewer safety concerns. ref="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B75BJ-4M942C4-3-7&_cdi=12984&_user=10&_orig=article&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2006&_sk=999849992&view=c&wchp=dGLbVzz-zSkWb&md5=026d84feff577eb2a40e3151b940949a&ie=/sdarticle.pdf"> |
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Place de la thrombolyse dans l’infarctus cxe9;rxe9;bral Role of thrombolysis in stroke