The influence of anticipation of word misrecognition on the likelihood of stuttering

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• 作者：Paul H. Brocklehurst^a ; ^{P.H.Brocklehurst@sms.ed.ac.uk} ; Robin J. Lickley^b ; Martin Corley^a
• 关键词：Stuttering ; Covert error repair ; EXPLAN ; Anticipatory struggle
• 刊名：Journal of Communication Disorders
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：151_00219924
• 类别：med
• 出版时间：May-June, 2012
• 卷：45
• 期：3
• 页码：147-160
• 文件大小：548 K

摘要

This study investigates whether the experience of stuttering can result from the speaker's anticipation of his words being misrecognized. Twelve adults who stutter (AWS) repeated single words into what appeared to be an automatic speech-recognition system. Following each iteration of each word, participants provided a self-rating of whether they stuttered on it and the computer then provided feedback implying its correct or incorrect recognition of it. Each word was repeated four times. Unbeknown to participants, 鈥楥orrect鈥?and 鈥業ncorrect鈥?recognition of words by the system was pre-determined and bore no relation to the actual quality of participants鈥?iterations of those words. For words uttered in the 鈥楥orrect recognition鈥?condition, the likelihood of AWS self-reporting stuttering on a word diminished across iterations, whereas for words in the 鈥業ncorrect recognition鈥?condition it remained static. On the basis of the findings it is argued that: (a) in AWS, the anticipation that a word will be misrecognized increases the relative likelihood of stuttering on that word in the future; and (b) this effect is independent of the degree of difficulty inherent in the formulation and motor execution of the word itself, although it may interact with it. Mechanisms that can account for these findings and yet are also congruent with the wider range of evidence from psycholinguistic and speech motor control domains are discussed. It is concluded that stuttered disfluencies may best be explained as resulting from the inappropriate functioning of covert repair and/or variable release threshold mechanisms in response to the anticipation of communication failure.

Learning outcomes: This article informs readers about two different theoretical approaches to explaining developmental stuttering: (1) stuttering as an adaptation response to an underlying impairment; and (2) stuttering as an anticipatory struggle response. It describes how these approaches account for different symptoms of the disorder, and proposes that both theoretical approaches are needed in order to fully account for the range of symptoms and experimental findings associated with stuttering.