Piperazine compounds as drugs of abuse
- 作者：M.D. Arbo ; m.arbo@terra.com.br ; M.L. Bastos ; H.F. Carmo
- 关键词：Piperazine designer drugs ; Metabolism ; Mechanism of action ; Analysis
- 刊名：Drug and Alcohol Dependence
- 出版年：2012
- 期刊代码：81_03768716
- 类别：med
- 出版时间：1 May, 2012
- 卷：122
- 期：3
- 页码：174-185
- 文件大小：510 K
摘要
Synthetic drugs are among the most commonly abused drugs in the world. This abuse is widespread among young people, especially in the dance club and rave scenes. Over the last several years, piperazine derived drugs have appeared, mainly available via the internet, and sold as ecstasy pills or under the names of 鈥?/sup>Frenzy鈥? 鈥?/sup>Bliss鈥? 鈥?/sup>Charge鈥? 鈥?/sup>Herbal ecstasy鈥? 鈥?/sup>A2鈥? 鈥?/sup>Legal X鈥?and 鈥?/sup>Legal E鈥? Although in the market piperazine designer drugs have the reputation of being safe, several experimental and epidemiological studies indicate risks for humans. Piperazine designer drugs can be divided into two classes, the benzylpiperazines such as N-benzylpiperazine (BZP) and its methylenedioxy analogue 1-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)piperazine (MDBP), and the phenylpiperazines such as 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP), 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP), and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (MeOPP). Toxicokinetic properties, including metabolic pathways, actions and effects in animals and humans, with some hypothesis of mechanism of action, and analytical approaches for the identification of these drugs are summarized in this review.