Monoterpenic aldehydes as potential anti-Leishmania agents: Activity of Cymbopogon citratus and citral on L. infantum, L. tropica and L. major

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• 作者：M. Machado^a ; ^b ; P. Pires^a ; ^b ; A.M. Dinis^c ; M. Santos-Rosa^d ; V. Alves^d ; L. Salgueiro^a ; C. Cavaleiro^a ; M.C. Sousa^a ; ^{mcsousa@ci.uc.pt}
• 关键词：Leishmaniainfantum ; Leishmaniatropica ; Leishmaniamajor ; Essential oil ; Antiprotozoals ; In vitro activity ; Drug action ; Infectious diseases (ID) ; Ultrastructure ; Flow cytometry ; Drug development ; Medicinal plants
• 刊名：Experimental Parasitology
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：99_00144894
• 类别：imm
• 出版时间：March, 2012
• 卷：130
• 期：3
• 页码：223-231
• 文件大小：1160 K

摘要

In order to contribute for the search of new drugs for leishmaniasis, we study the susceptibility of Leishmania infantum, Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major to Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and major compounds, mrycene and citral. C. citratus and citral were the most active inhibiting L. infantum, L. tropica and L. major growth at IC₅₀ concentrations ranging from 25 to 52 渭g/ml and from 34 to 42 渭g/ml, respectively. L. infantum promastigotes exposed to essential oil and citral underwent considerable ultrastructural alterations, namely mitochondrial and kinetoplast swelling, autophagosomal structures, disruption of nuclear membrane and nuclear chromatin condensation. C. citratus essential oil and citral promoted the leishmanicidal effect by triggering a programmed cell death. In fact, the leishmanicidal activity was mediated via apoptosis as evidenced by externalization of phosphatidylserine, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell-cycle arrest at the G(0)/G(1) phase. Taken together, ours findings lead us to propose that citral was responsible for anti-Leishmania activity of the C. citratus and both may represent a valuable source for therapeutic control of leishmaniasis.