The petroleum quality (IH) of the humic organic matter of the Mahakam delta is very variable at a given total organic carbon and maturation index. An organic petrographic study shows that the HI is not only correlated to the organic composition, but also to the mutual spatial relations of the organic and mineral constituents. A characteristic organo-mineral microtexture has been identified in each depositional environment of this delta. There is an abridged English version.