Induction of lung glutathione and glutamylcysteine ligase by 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate and its glutathione conjugate: Role of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2

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• 作者：Sans W. Emmert^a ; Karam El-Bayoumy^b ; Arunangshu Das^b ; Yuan-Wan Sun^b ; Shantu Amin^c ; Dhimant Desai^c ; Cesar Aliaga^b ; John P. Richie Jr.^d ; ^{jrichie@psu.edu}
• 关键词：p-XSC ; 1 ; 4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate ; p-XSeSG ; glutathione conjugate of p-XSC or N ; N&prime ; -[1 ; 4-phenylenebis(methyleneselenothio((1R)-1-(((carboxymethyl)amino)carbonyl)-2 ; 1-ethanediyl))]bis-l-glutamine ; GSH ; glutathione ; GCL ; 纬-glutamylcystei
• 刊名：Free Radical Biology and Medicine
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：105_08915849
• 类别：med
• 出版时间：15 May, 2012
• 卷：52
• 期：10
• 页码：2064-2071
• 文件大小：582 K

摘要

The synthetic organoselenium agent 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p-XSC) and its glutathione (GSH) conjugate (p-XSeSG) are potent chemopreventive agents in several preclinical models. p-XSC is also an effective inducer of GSH in mouse lung. Our objectives were to test the hypothesis that GSH induction by p-XSC occurs through upregulation of the rate-limiting GSH biosynthetic enzyme glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL), through activation of antioxidant response elements (AREs) in GCL genes via activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). p-XSC feeding (10 ppm Se) increased GSH (230%) and upregulated the catalytic subunit of GCL (GCLc) (55%), extracellular-related kinase (220%), and nuclear Nrf2 (610%) in lung but not liver after 14 days in the rat (P<0.05). Similarly, p-XSeSG feeding (10 ppm) induced lung GCLc (88%) and GSH (200%) (P<0.05), whereas the naturally occurring selenomethionine had no effect. Both p-XSC and p-XSeSG activated a luciferase reporter in HepG2 ARE-reporter cells up to threefold for p-XSC and greater than or equal to fivefold for p-XSeSG. Luciferase activation by p-XSeSG was associated with enhanced levels of GSH, GCLc, and nuclear Nrf2, which were significantly reduced by co-incubation with short interfering RNA targeting Nrf2. The dependence of GCL induction on Nrf2 was confirmed in Nrf2-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts, in which p-XSeSG induced GCL subunits in wild-type but not in Nrf2-deficient cells (P<0.05). These results indicate that p-XSC may act through the Nrf2 pathway in vivo and that p-XSeSG is the putative metabolite responsible for such activation, thus offering p-XSeSG as a less toxic, yet highly efficacious, inducer of GSH.