A method for measuring local instantaneous interfacial velocity vector in multi-dimensional two-phase flow

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• 作者：Xiuzhong Shen ; Kaichiro Mishima ; Hideo Nakamura
• 关键词：Alzheimer's disease ; β ; -amyloid precursor protein ; AT8 ; Hyperphosphorylated tau ; Neuronal atrophy ; Neuronal death
• 刊名：International Journal of Multiphase Flow
• 出版年：2008
• 期刊代码：44_03019322
• 类别：ce
• 出版时间：May 2008
• 卷：34
• 期：5
• 页码：502-509
• 文件大小：246 K

摘要

Electronic PEF records from 43 patients with initially poorly controlled asthma were examined for all exacerbations that occurred after PEF reached a plateau with inhaled corticosteroid treatment. Diurnal variability of PEF was compared during exacerbations, run-in (poor asthma control), and the period of stable asthma before each exacerbation.

Findings

Diurnal variability was 21·3%during poor asthma control and improved to 5·3%(stable asthma) with inhaled corticosteroid treatment. 40 exacerbations occurred in 26 patients over 2–16 months; 38 (95%) of exacerbations were associated with symptoms of clinical respiratory infection. During exacerbations, consecutive PEF values fell linearly over several days then improved linearly. However, diurnal variability during exacerbations (7·7%) was not significantly higher than during stable asthma (5·4%, p=0·1). PEF data were consistent with impaired response to inhaled β₂-agonist during exacerbations but not during poorly controlled asthma.

Interpretation

Asthmatics remain vulnerable to exacerbations during clinical respiratory infections, even after asthma is brought under control. Calculation of diurnal variability may fail to detect important changes in lung function. PEF variation is strikingly different during exacerbations compared with poor asthma control, suggesting differences in β₂-adrenoceptor function between these conditions.