Thermodynamic study of the quaternary electrolyte (NaCl + NaNO₃ + HCONH₂ + H₂O) system using potentiometric measurements at T = (298.2 and 303.2) K

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• 作者：Bahram Ghalami-Choobar ; ^{B-Ghalami@guilan.ac.ir} ; Fatemeh Sayyadi-Nodehi
• 关键词：Activity coefficient ; Pitzer model ; NaCl ; NaNO3 ; Formamide ; Emf method
• 刊名：Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：123_00219614
• 类别：ch
• 出版时间：June, 2012
• 卷：49
• 期：Complete
• 页码：104-113
• 文件大小：707 K

摘要

In this work, the thermodynamic properties of the quaternary electrolyte (NaCl + NaNO₃ + HCONH₂ + H₂O) system, using the potentiometric method, are reported. The potentiometric measurements were carried out on the galvanic cells without liquid junction of the types:

Ag-AgCl|NaCl (m_A), (100-w%) H₂O + w%HCONH₂|Na-ISE,

Ag-AgCl|NaCl (m₁), NaNO₃ (m₂), (100-w%) H₂O + w%HCONH₂|Na-ISE and

NO₃-ISE|NaNO₃ (m_B), (100-w%) H₂O + w%HCONH₂|Na-ISE

over total ionic strengths from 0.001 to 4.000 mol 路 kg^鈭?. Different series of the salt molal ratios r ( = 0.1, 1, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0) and pure NaCl in mixed solvent system containing 10%mass fraction of formamide were used for the measurements at T = (298.2 and 303.2) K. The modeling of this quaternary system was made based on the Pitzer ion-interaction model. In according to Pitzer graphical method, the mixed ionic interaction parameters () were evaluated for each series of the studied system. Then, the obtained parameters were used to calculate the values of the mean activity coefficients of NaNO₃, the osmotic coefficients, solvent activity and the excess Gibbs free energies for the whole series of the studied mixed electrolyte system at T = (298.2 and 303.2) K.