EPR imaging of reducing activity in Nrf2 transcriptional factor-deficient mice
- 作者：Hirayama ; Aki ; Yoh ; Keigyou ; Nagase ; Sohji ; Ueda ; Atsushi ; Itoh ; Ken ; Morito ; Naoki ; Hirayama ; Kouichi ; et. al.
- 关键词：EPR ; EPR imaging ; Nrf2 ; Carbamoyl-PROXYL ; Lupus nephritis ; Free radicals
- 刊名：Free Radical Biology and Medicine
- 出版年：2003
- 期刊代码：105_08915849
- 类别：med
- 出版时间：May 15, 2003
- 卷：34
- 期：10
- 页码：1236-1242
- 文件大小：225 K
摘要
Mice that lack the Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) transcription factor develop a lupus-like autoimmune nephritis. The tissue-reducing activity of Nrf2-deficient mice was evaluated using a combination of real-time EPR imaging and spin probe kinetic analysis. Substantial delay in the spin probe 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl (Carbamoyl-PROXYL) disappearance in the liver and kidneys of Nrf2-deficient mice was observed by EPR imaging. The half-life of the spin probe in the upper abdominal area was prolonged in both the Nrf2-deficient mice and in aged mice. The combination of Nrf2 deficiency and aging in female mice resulted in the most prolonged half-life of disappearance, which was four times longer than that of juvenile female mice with a wild-type genotype. These results indicate that the low reducing activity in these organs is brought about by both Nrf2 deficiency and the aging process, and it may play a key role in the onset of autoimmune nephritis. This combination of the EPR imaging and half-life analysis appears to be a very powerful tool in the real-time analysis of reducing activity.