Modeling Europe with CAMx for the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII)

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• 作者：Uarporn Nopmongcol^a ; Bonyoung Koo^a ; Edward Tai^a ; Jaegun Jung^a ; Piti Piyachaturawat^a ; Chris Emery^a ; Greg Yarwood^a ; ^{gyarwood@environcorp.com} ; Guido Pirovano^b ; ^c ; Christina Mitsakou^d ; George Kallos^d
• 关键词：AQMEII ; Photochemical modeling ; Sensitivity analysis ; Decoupled direct method ; Ozone ; PM10 ; PM2.5 ; CAMx ; MM5 ; WRF ; MEGAN
• 刊名：Atmospheric Environment
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：11_13522310
• 类别：env
• 出版时间：June, 2012
• 卷：53
• 期：Complete
• 页码：177-185
• 文件大小：1256 K

摘要

The CAMx photochemical grid model was used to model ozone (O₃) and particulate matter (PM) over a European modeling domain for calendar year 2006 as part of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII). The CAMx base case utilized input data provided by AQMEII for emissions, meteorology and boundary conditions. Sensitivity of model outputs to input data was investigated by using alternate input data and changing other important modeling assumptions including the schemes to represent photochemistry, dry deposition and vertical mixing. Impacts on model performance were evaluated by comparisons with ambient monitoring data. Base case model performance for January and July 2006 exhibited under-estimation trends for all pollutants both in winter and summer, except for SO₂. SO₂ generally had little bias although some over-estimation occurred at coastal locations and this was attributed to incorrect vertical distribution of emissions from marine vessels. Performance for NOx and NO₂ was better in winter than summer. The tendency to under-predict daytime NOx and O₃ in summer may result from insufficient NOx emissions or overstated daytime dilution (e.g., too deep planetary boundary layer) or monitors that are located near sources (e.g., roadside monitors). Winter O₃ was biased low and this was attributed to a low bias in the O₃ boundary conditions. PM₁₀ was widely under-predicted in both winter and summer. The poor PM₁₀ was influenced by under-estimation of coarse PM emissions. Sensitivities of O₃ concentrations to precursor emissions are quantified using the decoupled direct method in CAMx. The results suggest that O₃ production over the central and southern Europe during summer is mostly NOx-limited but for a more northerly city, London, O₃ production can be limited either by NOx or VOC depending upon daily meteorological conditions.