Effect of surface treatment on cell responses to聽grades 4 and 5 titanium for orthodontic mini-implants

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• 作者：Carlo Galli^a ; ^{carlo.galli@unipr.it} ; Marilina Piemontese^b ; Francesca Ravanetti^c ; Simone Lumetti^d ; Giovanni Passeri^e ; Mauro Gandolfini^f ; Guido M. Macaluso^g
• 刊名：American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：11_08895406
• 类别：med
• 出版时间：June, 2012
• 卷：141
• 期：6
• 页码：705-714
• 文件大小：1075 K

摘要

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Introduction

Mini-implants are used to improve orthodontic anchorage, but optimal composition and surface characteristics have yet to be determined. We investigated the behavior of osteoblast-like cells on grade 4 commercially pure titanium and grade 5 titanium alloy with different surface treatments for mini-implants.

Methods

MC3T3 cells were plated on machined, acid-etched, or acid-etched grade 4 titanium enriched with calcium phosphate, or machined, anodized, or anodized and calcium phosphate-enriched grade 5 titanium disks. Surface and cell morphologies were assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Cell viability was measured by chemiluminescence, cytoskeletal organization was investigated by immunofluorescence, and real-time polymerase chain reaction for osteoblast-specific genes was performed to measure cell differentiation.

Results

Flattened shapes and strong stress fibers were observed on the machined surfaces; cells on the rough surfaces had a spindle shape, with lower cytoskeletal polarization. Cell proliferation was highest on smooth grade 4 titanium surfaces, whereas cells quickly reached a plateau on rough grade 4 titanium; no difference was observed after 72 hours in the grade 5 titanium groups. Calcium phosphate enrichment on grade 4 titanium significantly increased the messenger RNA levels for alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. Osteoblastic markers were higher on the grade 5 titanium machined surfaces than on the rough surfaces, and comparable with acid-etched grade 4 titanium.

Conclusions

Although the grade 4 titanium enriched with calcium phosphate had the highest level of differentiation in聽vitro, the grade 5 titanium machined surfaces supported cell proliferation and matrix synthesis, and induced high expression of early differentiation markers. Increased mechanical resistance of grade 5 titanium makes it a potential candidate for orthodontic mini-implants.