Sedimentary geology as a key to understanding the tectonic evolution of the Mesozoic–Early Tertiary Paikon Massif, Vardar suture zone, N Greece
- 作者：Brown ; Sally A.M. ; Robertson ; Alastair H.F.
- 关键词：Sedimentary geology ; Tectonic evolution ; Mesozoic&ndash ; Early Tertiary Paikon Massif
- 刊名：Sedimentary Geology
- 出版年：2003
- 期刊代码：81_00370738
- 类别：ear
- 出版时间：August 1, 2003
- 卷：160
- 期：1-3
- 页码：179-212
- 文件大小：1.26 M
摘要
This paper demonstrates how sedimentary evidence can provide a key to elucidating the regional tectonic and palaeoceanographic significance of a complex partly metamorphic terrane, in this case the Paikon Massif. The Paikon Massif is located centrally within the Vardar–Axios zone of N Greece and is critical to the reconstruction of Neotethys in the E Mediterranean region. The massif is here restored as a single tectono-stratigraphic unit of Jurassic to Early Tertiary age that originated along the margin of a continental unit known as the Serbo–Macedonian Zone. In this area, a Mesozoic oceanic basin, the Almopias Ocean, opened in the Triassic between the Serbo–Macedonian continent to the NE and another continental unit, the Pelagonian Zone, to the SW. Initial deep-water deposition along the northwesterly passive margin of the Almopias Ocean is represented within the Paikon Massif by metamorphosed redeposited carbonates and hemipelagic sediments (Gandatch Formation). Above, this the Jurassic Paikon Volcanic Group comprises two volcanogenic units of island arc-type (Livadia and Kastaneri Formations). The arc developed along the SW margin of the Serbo–Macedonian continent in response to NE subduction of the Almopias Ocean. The subduction also resulted in the opening of a related back-arc basin in Mid-Late Jurassic, represented by the Guevgueli ophiolite, now to the NE of the Paikon Massif. The massif underwent ductile deformation and inferred HP/LT metamorphism during Late Jurassic time, related to subduction beneath the Serbo–Macedonian active margin. Exhumation took place rapidly by Kimmeridgian time, followed by a shallow-water transgression (Khromni Limestones). Subsequent emergence and fluvial deposition (Ghrammos Formation) reflect a regional extensional or transtensional event. Following a marine transgression, influenced by eustatic sea-level rise and tectonic subsidence (Aptian–Albian), a carbonate platform developed throughout the Paikon Massif (Cretaceous Transgressive Limestones). Short-lived emergence (Turonian) was followed by deepening in the Campanian–Maastrichtian and pelagic carbonate deposition (Buff Pelagic Carbonates). Overlying terrigenous turbidites (Tchouka Flysch) form part of an Early Tertiary foredeep in a regional contractional setting. Late-stage shortening resulted in bivergent thrusting and folding to form the Paikon Massif as a large anticlinal pop-up structure near the axis of the suture zone. Localised transpression and Neotectonic extension complete the picture.