Relationship between physicochemical characterization and toxicity of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) collected in Dakar city (Senegal)

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• 作者：Denis Dieme^a ; ^b ; ^c ; Mathilde Cabral-Ndior^a ; ^b ; ^c ; Guillaume Garç ; on^a ; ^b ; Anthony Verdin^a ; ^b ; Sylvain Billet^a ; ^b ; Fabrice Cazier^a ; ^d ; Dominique Courcot^a ; ^b ; Amadou Diouf^c ; Pirouz Shirali^a ; ^b ; ^{Pirouz.Shirali@univ-littoral.fr}
• 关键词：Air pollution particulate matter ; Sub-Saharan Africa countries ; Physicochemical characterization ; BEAS-2B cells ; Lung toxicity
• 刊名：Environmental Research
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：78_00139351
• 类别：env
• 出版时间：February, 2012
• 卷：113
• 期：Complete
• 页码：1-13
• 文件大小：634 K

摘要

The massive increase in emissions of air pollutants due to economic and industrial growth in developing countries has made air quality a crucial health problem in this continent. Hence, it is somewhat critical to have a better knowledge on the air pollution in Sub-Saharan Africa countries. Three air pollution PM_2.5 samples were also collected in two urban sites (i.e. Fann and Faidherbe) in Dakar (Senegal) and in a rural site near Dakar (i.e. Ngaparu). The two urban sites mainly differ in the type of used vehicles: in Fann, most of the traffic is made of buses, which are absent, in Faidherbe. The physicochemical characteristics of the three PM_2.5 samples revealed their high heterogeneities and complexities, related to the multiple natural and anthropogenic emission sources. Results from 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into DNA, mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, and extracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity in PM_2.5-exposed BEAS-2B cells suggested the exposure conditions (i.e. 3 and 12 渭g PM/cm虏 during 24, 48, and 72 h) to further consider. The organic fractions (i.e. mainly PAHs) of the PM_2.5 samples were able to induce a time and/or concentration-dependent gene expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, and, to a lesser extent, NQO1. There was a time and/or dose-dependent increase of both the gene expression and/or protein secretion of inflammatory mediators (i.e. TNF-伪, IL-1尾, IL-6, and/or IL-8) in PM_2.5-exposed BEAS-2B cells. In agreement with the physicochemical characterization, urban PM_2.5 samples caused greater biological responses in BEAS-2B cells than the rural one. Variable concentrations of transition metals (i.e. Fe, Al, Pb, Mn, Zn) and organic compounds (i.e. PAHs) founded in the three PM_2.5 samples might be firmly involved in a time- and/or dose-dependent toxicity, relying on inflammatory processes.