An assessment of greenhouse gas emissions-weighted clean energy standards

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• 作者：Makena Coffman^a ; ^{makenaka@hawaii.edu} ; James P. Griffin^b ; ¹ ; ^{griffin4@hawaii.edu} ; Paul Bernstein^c ; ² ; ^{paulbernstein2004@yahoo.com}
• 关键词：Renewable portfolio standard ; Clean energy standard ; Hawaii
• 刊名：Energy Policy
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：15_03014215
• 类别：pw
• 出版时间：June, 2012
• 卷：45
• 期：Complete
• 页码：122-132
• 文件大小：393 K

摘要

This paper quantifies the relative cost-savings of utilizing a greenhouse gas emissions-weighted Clean Energy Standard (CES) in comparison to a Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS). Using a bottom-up electricity sector model for Hawaii, this paper demonstrates that a policy that gives 鈥渃lean energy鈥?credit to electricity technologies based on their cardinal ranking of lifecycle GHG emissions, normalizing the highest-emitting unit to zero credit, can reduce the costs of emissions abatement by up to 90%in comparison to a typical RPS. A GHG emissions-weighted CES provides incentive to not only pursue renewable sources of electricity, but also promotes fuel-switching among fossil fuels and improved generation efficiencies at fossil-fired units. CES is found to be particularly cost-effective when projected fossil fuel prices are relatively low.