A new compound Nα-formyl-l-arginine +(H2N)2CNH(CH2)3CH(HN(HCO))COO− with zwitter-ionic structure has been found out in the system l-arginine + HCOOH + H2O. The title compound crystallizes in monoclinic system (space group P21) as monohydrate. Crystal structure has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction method and FTIR ATR, FT Raman spectra are reported. Dehydration process has been studied.