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Second-hand smoke and human lung cancer
For study participants that were exposed to SHS at both activities (work and leisure) and compared to one or no activity, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for lung cancer was 1.30 (1.08–1.57) when exposure occurred between birth and age 25 and 0.66 (0.21–1.57) if exposure occurred after age 25 years. Respective results for non-smokers were 1.29 (0.82–2.02) and 0.87 (0.22–3.38), and current and ex-smokers combined 1.28 (1.04–1.58) and 0.66 (0.15–2.85).
All individuals exposed to SHS have a higher risk of lung cancer. Furthermore, this study suggests that subjects first exposed before age 25 have a higher lung cancer risk compared to those for whom first exposure occurred after age 25 years.
![]() | Preventing exposure to second Seminars in Oncology Nursing |
![]() Seminars in Oncology Nursing, Volume 19, Issue 4, November 2003, Pages 284-290 Sophia Chan, Tai Hing Lam Abstract ObjectiveTo report the effectiveness of a health education intervention provided by nurses to prevent second-hand smoke exposure in sick children in Hong Kong.Data sourcesA clinical trial, international and national government reports, and research studies. ConclusionExposure to second-hand smoke is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Nursing interventions to reduce exposure are critical and need further study. Implications for nursing practiceNurses are in a vital position to carry out health education about the health risks associated with second-hand smoke exposure and to protect the child from such exposure. ![]() |
![]() | In Journal of the American College of Cardiology |
![]() Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Volume 32, Issue 5, 1 November 1998, Pages 1463-1467 Stuart J Hutchison, Stanton A Glantz, Bo-Qing Zhu, Yi-Ping Sun, Tony M Chou, Kanu Chatterjee, Prakash C Deedwania, William W Parmley, Krishnankutty Sudhir Abstract Objectives. We sought to determine the effects of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure on vascular reactivity in newborn and infant rats. Background. Secondhand smoke exposure increases cardiovascular risk. Secondhand smoke–induced endothelial dysfunction has been demonstrated in older teenagers and young adults. We have previously shown in adult rabbits that SHS induces atherogenesis and endothelial dysfunction. The effects of SHS on vascular function in the offspring of SHS-exposed mothers and in infants are unknown. Methods. In this study the effects of in-utero (21 days) and neonatal (28 days) exposure to SHS were examined in 80 rats, 4 weeks of age, in a 2-by-2 design study. Rats were exposed to sidestream smoke in smoking chambers. Aortic rings were excised and isometric force responses to phenylephrine, acetylcholine, A23187 and nitroglycerin were studied in organ baths. Results. Neonatal SHS exposure reduced animal weight (p = 0.009). In-utero exposure increased the sensitivity (decreased the EC50) of aortic rings to phenylephrine (p < 0.0005), as did neonatal exposure (p = 0.01). Maximal contraction to phenylephrine was reduced by in-utero exposure (p = 0.04). In-utero SHS exposure reduced maximal endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine (p = 0.04) and increased the EC50 (p = 0.05), suggesting impaired sensitivity to acetylcholine. In-utero exposure decreased the sensitivity (increased the EC50) to the endothelium-independent vasodilator nitroglycerin (p = 0.003). Conclusions. Secondhand smoke has detrimental effects on vascular smooth muscle function in the newborn. ![]() |
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Second-hand smoke and human lung cancer