• 作者：A. Pé ; rez-Milena^a ; ^{alejandro.perez.milena.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es} ; C. Pé ; rez-Fuentes^a ; A.B. Navarrete-Guillé ; n^b ; M.I. Mesa-Gallardo^c ; F.J. Leal-Helmling^d ; R. Martí ; nez Pé ; rez^c
• 关键词：Adolescente ; Tabaco ; Disonancias cognitivas ; Intervenció ; n motivacional
• 刊名：SEMERGEN - Medicina de Familia
• 出版年：2011
• 期刊代码：pca342_11383593
• 类别：med
• 出版时间：April 2011
• 卷：37
• 期：4
• 页码：188-194
• 文件大小：331 K

Objectives

To find out the most common dissonances between smoking and giving up motivations in adolescents.

Material and methods

A five Secondary Schools descriptive study after motivational interviewing of adolescents (less than 20 years) who wanted to quit smoking. A written balance sheet of reasons for smoking and quitting smoking, age, sex, Fagerstr枚m/Richmond test, beginning age, consumption pattern, was collected.

Results

A total of 82 adolescents participated (52%male, age 15.6 years 卤 1.4). Reasons for smoking: friends (55%), 芦I like it禄 (44%), 芦addicted禄 (28%), for fun (19%), and self-assertiveness (18%). Reasons for quitting smoking: better health (91%), 芦It's expensive禄 (55%), don鈥檛 like taste/smell (23%), and conflicts with parents (23%). Fun is associated with earlier onset of smoking (p = .025; Student) while dependency is recognised in older adolescents (p = .075; Student). Relaxation feeling is associated with greater cigarette consumption (p = 0,018; Student) especially in women (p = .046; 蠂²); assertiveness is more common in men (p = .045; 蠂²). Richmond test results get worst if they like smoking (p = .035; Student) and get better if they have economical problems (p = .082; Student). Rejecting taste/smell is related with less dependency (Fagerstr枚m) (p = .069; Student). The most common dissonances were between <friends>/<dependency> (OR 4.14), <I like it>/<It's expensive (OR 0.44), <Don鈥檛 like it>/<lose weight> (OR = 0.38) and <New experiences> (OR 0.24) <Parental punishment>/<self affirmation> (OR 0.22), <please partner>/<lose weight> (OR 0.21). A total of 54%quit smoking and was related to the environment, the feeling of pleasure and dependency (p < .05; 蠂² test).

Conclusions

Cognitive dissonances are a very important motivational element for the adolescent to quit smoking, and must be incorporated into anti-smoking interventions by health professionals.