Autotrophic nitrogen removal from low strength waste water at low temperature

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• 作者：Tim L.G. Hendrickx ; ^{tim.hendrickx@wetsus.nl} ; ^{tim.hendrickx@wur.nl} ; Yang Wang ; Christel Kampman ; Grietje Zeeman ; Hardy Temmink ; Cees J.N. Buisman
• 关键词：Autotrophic nitrogen removal ; Low temperature ; Low ammonia concentration ; Gaslift reactor
• 刊名：Water Research
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：57_00431354
• 类别：civ
• 出版时间：1 May, 2012
• 卷：46
• 期：7
• 页码：2187-2193
• 文件大小：413 K

摘要

Direct anaerobic treatment of municipal waste waters allows for energy recovery in the form of biogas. A further decrease in the energy requirement for waste water treatment can be achieved by removing the ammonium in the anaerobic effluent with an autotrophic process, such as anammox. Until now, anammox has mainly been used for treating warm (>30聽掳C) and concentrated (>500聽mg聽N/L) waste streams. Application in the water line of municipal waste water treatment poses the challenges of a lower nitrogen concentration (<100聽mg聽N/L) and a lower temperature (鈮?0聽掳C). Good biomass retention and a short HRT are required to achieve a sufficiently high nitrogen loading rate. For this purpose a 4.5聽L gaslift reactor was inoculated with a small amount of anammox granules and operated for 253 days at 20聽掳C. The synthetic influent contained (69聽卤聽5) mg (NH₄⁺聽+聽)/L and 20 vol.%of anaerobically stabilised effluent. Results showed a clear increase in nitrogen loading rate (NLR) up to 0.31聽g (NH₄聽+聽NO₂)-N/(L聽脳聽d) at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5.3聽h. A low effluent concentration of 0.03-0.17聽mg ()-N/L could be achieved. Anammox biomass was retained as granules and as a biofilm on the reactor walls, which contributed 54 and 46%, respectively, towards total activity. The biomass was further characterised by an estimated net growth rate of 0.040聽d^鈭? and an apparent activation energy of 72聽kJ/mol. The results presented in this paper showed that anammox bacteria can be applied for autotrophic nitrogen removal from the water line at a municipal waste water treatment plant. Combining direct anaerobic treatment with autotrophic nitrogen removal opens opportunities for energy-efficient treatment of municipal waste waters.