Transient striatal GLT-1 blockade increases EAAC1 expression, glutamate reuptake, and decreases tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation at ser¹⁹

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• 作者：Michael F. Salvatore ; ^{msalva@lsuhsc.edu} ; Richard W. Davis ; Jennifer C. Arnold ; Tanya Chotibut
• 关键词：UCPH-101 ; 2-Amino-5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8-tetrahydro-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(naphthalene-1-yl)-5-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile
• 刊名：Experimental Neurology
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：78_00144886
• 类别：neu
• 出版时间：April, 2012
• 卷：234
• 期：2
• 页码：428-436
• 文件大小：607 K

摘要

Three glutamate transporters, GLT-1, GLAST, and EAAC1, are expressed in striatum. GLT-1 and, to a lesser extent, GLAST are thought to play a primary role in glutamate reuptake and mitigate excitoxicity. Progressive tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) loss seen in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with increased extracellular glutamate. Glutamate receptor antagonists reduce nigrostriatal loss in PD models. These observations suggest that excess synaptic glutamate contributes to nigrostriatal neuron loss seen in PD. Decreased GLT-1 expression occurs in neurodegenerative disease and PD models, suggesting decreased GLT-1-mediated glutamate reuptake contributes to excitotoxicity. To determine how transient GLT-1 blockade affects glutamate reuptake dynamics and a Ca²⁺-dependent process in nigrostriatal terminals, ser¹⁹ phosphorylation of TH, the GLT-1 inhibitor dihydrokainic acid (DHK) was delivered unilaterally to striatum in vivo and glutamate reuptake was quantified ex vivo in crude synaptosomes 3 h later. Ca²⁺-influx is associated with excitotoxic conditions. The phosphorylation of TH at ser¹⁹ is Ca²⁺-dependent, and a change resulting from GLT-1 blockade may signify the potential for excitotoxicity to nigrostriatal neurons. Synaptosomes from DHK infused striatum had a 43%increase in glutamate reuptake in conjunction with decreased ser¹⁹ TH phosphorylation. Using a novel GLAST inhibitor and DHK, we determined that the GLAST-mediated component of increased glutamate reuptake increased 3-fold with no change in GLAST or GLT-1 protein expression. However, GLT-1 blockade increased EAAC1 protein expression ~ 20%. Taken together, these results suggest that GLT-1 blockade produces a transient increase in GLAST-mediated reuptake and EAAC1 expression coupled with reduced ser¹⁹ TH phosphorylation. These responses could represent an endogenous defense against excitotoxicity to the nigrostriatal pathway.